Machine learning-based classifiers to predict metastasis in colorectal cancer patients.

Background: The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Iran over the past three decades has made it a key public health burden. This study aimed to predict metastasis in CRC patients using machine learning (ML) approaches in terms of demographic and clinical factors.

Methods: This study focuses on 1,127 CRC patients who underwent appropriate treatments at Taleghani Hospital, a tertiary care facility.

Association between menstrual cycle phase and metabolites in healthy, regularly menstruating women in UK Biobank, and effect modification by inflammatory markers and risk factors for metabolic disease.

Background: Preliminary evidence demonstrates some parameters of metabolic control, including glycaemic control, lipid control and insulin resistance, vary across the menstrual cycle. However, the literature is inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between the menstrual cycle phase and metabolites and to explore potential mediators and moderators of these associations.

Social connection and mortality in UK Biobank: a prospective cohort analysis.

Background: Components of social connection are associated with mortality, but research examining their independent and combined effects in the same dataset is lacking. This study aimed to examine the independent and combined associations between functional and structural components of social connection and mortality.

Methods: Analysis of 458,146 participants with full data from the UK Biobank cohort linked to mortality registers.

Association between walking pace and incident type 2 diabetes by adiposity level: A prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank.

Aims: To investigate the combined association of adiposity and walking pace with incident type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We undertook a prospective cohort study in 194 304 White-European participants (mean age 56.5 years, 55.

C-reactive protein partially mediates the inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: The UK Biobank and the Rotterdam study cohorts.

Background: Coffee is among the most consumed beverages worldwide. Coffee consumption has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to study the role of classic and novel-T2D biomarkers with anti- or pro-inflammatory activity in the association between habitual coffee intake and T2D risk.

Predicting metastasis in gastric cancer patients: machine learning-based approaches.

Gastric cancer (GC), with a 5-year survival rate of less than 40%, is known as the fourth principal reason of cancer-related mortality over the world. This study aims to develop predictive models using different machine learning (ML) classifiers based on both demographic and clinical variables to predict metastasis status of patients with GC. The data applied in this study including 733 of GC patients, divided into a train and test groups at a ratio of 8:2, diagnosed at Taleghani tertiary hospital.

Diet-Related Inflammation Is Associated with Worse COVID-19 Outcomes in the UK Biobank Cohort.

Diet, the most important modulator of inflammatory and immune responses, may affect COVID-19 incidence and disease severity. Data from 196,154 members of the UK biobank had at least one 24 h dietary recall. COVID-19 outcomes were based on PCR testing, hospital admissions, and death certificates.

Association of Self-reported Walking Pace With Type 2 Diabetes Incidence in the UK Biobank Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To investigate the association between self-reported walking pace and type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence and whether it differed by physical activity levels and walking time.

Methods: There were 162,155 participants (mean age, 57.1 years; 54.

Association of gamma-glutamyltransferase levels with total mortality, liver-related and cardiovascular outcomes: A prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.

Background: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels in the blood can be a sensitive marker of liver injury but the extent to which they give insight into risk across multiple outcomes in a clinically useful way remains uncertain.

Methods: Using data from 293,667 UK Biobank participants, the relationship of GGT concentrations to self-reported alcohol intake and adiposity markers were investigated. We next investigated whether GGT predicted liver-related, cardiovascular (CV) or all-cause mortality, and potentially improved CV risk prediction.

Type 2 Diabetes, Glycemic Control, and Their Association With Dementia and Its Major Subtypes: Findings From the Swedish National Diabetes Register.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes has been associated with high dementia risk. However, the links to different dementia subtypes is unclear. We examined to what extent type 2 diabetes is associated with dementia subtypes and whether such associations differed by glycemic control.

Risk of mortality among inpatients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes: National data from Kuwait.

Introduction: To investigate type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for COVID-19 death following hospital admission in Kuwait.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using data from a central hospital that cared for all hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Kuwait. We investigated the association between type 2 diabetes, with COVID-19 mortality using multiply imputed logistic regression and calculated the population attributable fraction.

Family history of diabetes and risk of SARS-COV-2 in UK Biobank: A prospective cohort study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine risk of being SARS-CoV-2 positive and severe infection (associated with hospitalization/mortality) in those with family history of diabetes.

Methods: We used UK Biobank, an observational cohort recruited between 2006 and 2010. We compared the risk of being SARS-CoV-2 positive and severe infection for those with family history of diabetes (mother/father/sibling) against those without.

Derivation and Validation of a 10-Year Risk Score for Symptomatic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Cohort Study of Nearly 500 000 Individuals.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can occur in patients who are ineligible for routine ultrasound screening. A simple AAA risk score was derived and compared with current guidelines used for ultrasound screening of AAA.

Methods: United Kingdom Biobank participants without previous AAA were split into a derivation cohort (n=401 820, 54.

Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease: prediction, attributable risk fraction, and estimating benefits from novel interventions.

Aims: To investigate the population attributable fraction due to elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and the utility of measuring Lp(a) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction.

Methods And Results: In 413 734 participants from UK Biobank, associations of serum Lp(a) with composite fatal/non-fatal CVD (n = 10 066 events), fatal CVD (n = 3247), coronary heart disease (CHD; n = 18 292), peripheral vascular disease (PVD; n = 2716), and aortic stenosis (n = 901) were compared using Cox models. Median Lp(a) was 19.

Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for COVID-19, and comparison to risk factors for influenza and pneumonia: results from a UK Biobank prospective cohort study.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate demographic, lifestyle, socioeconomic and clinical risk factors for COVID-19, and compared them to risk factors for pneumonia and influenza in UK Biobank.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: UK Biobank.

Is older age associated with COVID-19 mortality in the absence of other risk factors? General population cohort study of 470,034 participants.

Introduction: Older people have been reported to be at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality. This study explored the factors mediating this association and whether older age was associated with increased mortality risk in the absence of other risk factors.

Methods: In UK Biobank, a population cohort study, baseline data were linked to COVID-19 deaths.

Does the association between physical capability and mortality differ by deprivation? Findings from the UK Biobank population-based cohort study.

Background: To investigate whether the excess risk of adverse health outcomes associated with a lower physical capability in adulthood differs by deprivation levels.

Methods: 279,030 participants from the UK Biobank were included. Handgrip strength and walking pace were the exposures.

Understanding How Much TV is Too Much: A Nonlinear Analysis of the Association Between Television Viewing Time and Adverse Health Outcomes.

Objective: To inform potential guideline development, we investigated nonlinear associations between television viewing time (TV time) and adverse health outcomes.

Methods: From 2006 to 2010, 490,966 UK Biobank participants, aged 37 to 73 years, were recruited. They were followed from 2006 to 2018.

Author Correction: Glomerular filtration rate by differing measures, albuminuria and prediction of cardiovascular disease, mortality and end-stage kidney disease.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

BMI and future risk for COVID-19 infection and death across sex, age and ethnicity: Preliminary findings from UK biobank.

Aims: We examined the link between BMI and risk of a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 and risk of COVID-19-related death among UK Biobank participants.

Methods: Among 4855 participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 in hospital, 839 were positive and of these 189 died from COVID-19. Poisson models with penalised thin plate splines were run relating exposures of interest to test positivity and case-fatality, adjusting for confounding factors.