Unidirectional Vertical Vestibuloocular Reflex Adaptation in Humans Using 1D and 2D Scenes.

Hypothesis: The vertical vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) in response to pitch head impulses can be optimally trained to increase in one direction using a two-dimensional (2D) visual training target with minimal effect on the horizontal VOR.

Background: We modified the incremental VOR adaptation (IVA) technique, shown to increase the horizontal VOR in patients with vestibular hypofunction, to drive vertical VOR adaptation in healthy control subjects.

Methods: We measured the horizontal and vertical active (self-generated) and passive (imposed) head impulse VOR gains (eye velocity/head velocity) before and after 15 minutes of unidirectional downward IVA training.

Comparison of Incremental Vestibulo-ocular Reflex Adaptation Training Versus x1 Training in Patients With Chronic Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction: A Two-Year Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: A crossover, double-blinded randomized controlled trial to investigate once-daily incremental vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) adaptation (IVA) training over 2 years in people with stable and chronic peripheral vestibular hypofunction.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with peripheral vestibular hypofunction were randomly assigned to intervention-then-control (n = 12) or control-then-intervention (n = 9) groups. The task consisted of either x1 (control) or IVA training, once daily every day for 15 minutes over 6-months, followed by a 6-month washout, then repeated for arm 2 of the crossover.

Once-Daily Incremental Vestibular-Ocular Reflex Adaptation Training in Patients With Chronic Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction: A 1-Week Randomized Controlled Study.

Background And Purpose: This was a double-blinded randomized controlled study to investigate the effects of once-daily incremental vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) training over 1 week in people with chronic peripheral vestibular hypofunction.

Methods: A total of 24 patients with peripheral vestibular hypofunction were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 13) or control (n = 11) groups. Training consisted of either x1 (control) or incremental VOR adaptation exercises, delivered once daily for 15 minutes over 4 days in 1 week.

Human Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Adaptation Reduces when Training Demand Variability Increases.

One component of vestibular rehabilitation in patients with vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) hypofunction is gaze-stabilizing exercises that seek to increase (adapt) the VOR response. These prescribed home-based exercises are performed by the patient and thus their use/training is inherently variable. We sought to determine whether this variability affected VOR adaptation in ten healthy controls (× 2 training only) and ten patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (× 1 and × 2 training).

The instantaneous training demand drives vestibulo-ocular reflex adaptation.

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) maintains stable vision during rapid head rotations by rotating the eyes in the opposite direction to the head. The latency between onset of the head rotation and onset of the eye rotation is 5-8 ms in healthy humans. However, VOR latency can be 3-4 times larger in patients treated with intra-tympanic gentamicin.

Human vestibulo-ocular reflex adaptation is frequency selective.

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is the only system that maintains stable vision during rapid head rotations. The VOR gain (eye/head velocity) can be trained to increase using a vestibular-visual mismatch stimulus. We sought to determine whether low-frequency (sinusoidal) head rotation during training leads to changes in the VOR during high-frequency head rotation testing, where the VOR is more physiologically relevant.

Improved Oculomotor Physiology and Behavior After Unilateral Incremental Adaptation Training in a Person With Chronic Vestibular Hypofunction: A Case Report.

Background And Purpose: Traditional vestibular rehabilitation therapies are effective in reducing vestibular hypofunction symptoms, but changes to the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) are minimal. This controlled case report describes an increase in VOR after 6 months of incremental VOR adaptation (IVA) training in a person with chronic unilateral vestibular hypofunction.

Case Description: The participant was a 58-year-old female with a confirmed (Neurologist P.