Plasma lipids paediatric reference intervals: Indirect estimation using a large 14-year database.

Objectives: Establishing direct reference intervals (RIs) for paediatric patients is a very challenging endeavour. Indirect RIs can address this problem, using existing clinical laboratory databases from real-world data research. Compared to the traditional direct method, the indirect approach is highly practical, widely applicable, and low-cost.

Outer Retinal and Choroidal Changes in Adolescents with Long-Lasting Type 1 Diabetes.

This study aimed to assess outer retinal layer (ORL), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choroid (Ch) and choriocapillaris (CC) modifications in adolescents with long-lasting (>10 years) type 1 diabetes (T1D) without (noDR) or with diabetic retinopathy (DR). ORL and RPE thickness were measured at optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular scans. Vascular parameters of Ch and CC were quantified after elaboration of macular OCT-angiography (OCTA) images.

"One and a Half Years of Things We Could Have Done": Multi-Method Analysis of the Narratives of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Public health interventions for COVID-19 forced families to adopt changes in daily routines that affected children's and adolescents' psychological well-being. In youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), psychological symptoms may compromise glycemic control and outcomes; however, evidence of improved glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1D emerged early during the pandemic. This qualitative study aims to provide a more in-depth understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic affected adolescents' with T1D routines, experiences, T1D management, and psychological well-being.

Juvenile diabetes and systemic sclerosis: just a coincidence?

Background: Limited joint mobility (LJM), previously known as cheiroarthropathy, refers to the presence of reduced extension at the finger joints in people with diabetes and may be associated with scleroderma-like syndromes such as diabetic sclerodactyly. While scleroderma-like syndromes and LJM have been observed in patients with long-term diabetes and associated complications, the coexistence of diabetes with Juvenile systemic sclerosis (jSSc) is rarely described.

Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 14-year-old boy with long-lasting type 1 diabetes (T1D) and suspected LJM associated with Raynaud phenomenon, sclerodactyly and tapering of the fingertips.

Retinal Microvascular and Neuronal Changes Are Also Present, Even If Differently, in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes without Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate retinal changes in adolescents with childhood-onset, long-lasting type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Patients and healthy controls (HC) underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA). Individual macular layers, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and vascular parameters (vessel area density (VAD), vessel length fraction (VLF) and vessel diameter index (VDI)) of macular superficial vascular (SVP), intermediate (ICP), deep (DCP) and radial peripapillary capillary plexuses (RPCP) were quantified.

The Silent Epidemic of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Italy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020.

Aim/hypothesis: To compare the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 with the frequency of DKA during 2017-2019.

Methods: Forty-seven pediatric diabetes centers caring for >90% of young people with diabetes in Italy recruited 4,237 newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes between 2017 and 2020 in a longitudinal study. Four subperiods in 2020 were defined based on government-imposed containment measures for COVID-19, and the frequencies of DKA and severe DKA compared with the same periods in 2017-2019.

SGLT2i Improves Glycemic Control in Patients With Congenital Severe Insulin Resistance.

Insulin-resistant diabetes in Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (RMS) is relatively unresponsive to first-line antidiabetic treatments, including metformin and insulin. We report 2 patients with RMS treated with 2 different sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors 2: empagliflozin in an 11-year-old boy and dapagliflozin in a 12-year-old girl. In the first patient, we began empagliflozin at 2.

Health-Related Quality of Life, Family Conflicts and Fear of Injecting: Perception Differences between Preadolescents and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Mothers.

Good management of diabetes requires at the same time self-regulation behaviour and a balanced involvement of family components. This cross-sectional study's aims were: understanding fear of injections and perceptions of family conflicts in preadolescents and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their mothers, comparing their perceptions, and identifying the risk factors impacting patients' quality of life. Eligibility criteria were: treatment for diabetes mellitus type I, currently aged 10-18 years, attending the hospital for annual hospital follow-ups.

Anxiety, depression, and glycemic control during Covid-19 pandemic in youths with type 1 diabetes.

Objectives: Our study aims to assess the impact of lockdown during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on glycemic control and psychological well-being in youths with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We compared glycemic metrics during lockdown with the same period of 2019. The psychological impact was evaluated with the Test of Anxiety and Depression.

Stress, Resilience, and Well-Being in Italian Children and Their Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has forced parents and children to adopt significant changes in their daily routine, which has been a big challenge for families, with important implications for family stress. In this study, we aimed to analyze the potential risk and protective factors for parents' and children's well-being during a potentially traumatic event such as the COVID-19 quarantine. Specifically, we investigated parents' and children's well-being, parental stress, and children's resilience.

Medical practitioners' attitudes towards animal assisted interventions. An Italian survey.

Objectives: The present study had a dual purpose: to obtain a comprehensive picture of the Italian medical practitioners' opinions, professional experiences, training needs and knowledge of Animal Assisted Interventions (AAI); and to provide a detailed description of the medical practitioners who are characterized by a strongly positive attitude towards AAI.

Methods: An online survey addressed to Italian medical practitioners was carried out using a 35-items structured questionnaire. Data obtained from the survey were analysed through appropriate summary statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression analysis.

Metabolomics reveals new metabolic perturbations in children with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Using an untargeted metabolomics approach we investigated the metabolome of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in comparison with healthy peers and explored the contribution of HbA1c and clinical features to the observed difference.

Research Design And Methods: We enrolled children with T1D aged 6-15 years, attending the pediatric diabetes clinic of University of Padova (Italy). Healthy controls were enrolled on voluntary basis and matched for age, sex, pubertal status, body mass index (BMI).

An Unexpected Fever Post Serogroup B Meningococcal Sepsis.

This case report describes an invasive meningococcal group B infection followed by the development of Kawasaki disease (KD) complicated by macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in a 2-year-old child. The presented case indicates the possible etiologic relationship between meningococcal sepsis and KD as support of bacterial toxin induced theory. It's important to maintain a high grade of suspicious for KD in every relapse of fever also during convalescence phase of severe infection.

The long-term treatment of a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus and glutaric aciduria type 1: the effect of insulin.

Unlabelled: The coexistence of two diseases associated with different metabolic disorders is a very rare event. Some associations, although sporadic, can be particularly challenging both in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic management and in terms of theoretical perspective. Here, we report a child affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1).

Prevention and early recognition: the role of family pediatrician.

Even if it is empirically evident that pediatricians play a key role in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of FB injuries, almost all studies have focused on the subset of injured children who receive medical care in the hospital or in the Emergency Department; moreover, a lack of scientific interest to improve information about pediatric injuries in primary care seems to exist. Primary care physicians can play an important role if they promptly identify suspect unrecognized FB aspiration in children. Moreover, prevention is a cornerstone of pediatric practice, and pediatricians, as reliable sources of information, may be efficacious in promoting injury prevention message.