Rejuvenation of the aging upper third of the face.

Age-related changes to the upper third of the face manifest, typically, as brow ptosis and the development of deep skin furrows. Depression of the brow evolves as gravity and the action of the corrugator supercilli, procerus, and orbicularis draw on the progressively inelastic forehead skin. Facial mimetic muscle action reveals itself over time via the development of deep forehead rhytids.

Preventing complications in facial plastic surgery.

Purpose Of Review: The demand for cosmetic procedures has increased dramatically over the past few years, in part fueled by the prevalence of cosmetic 'makeover shows', increased media coverage on television and easy accessibility to the Internet. This growing social acceptance of aesthetic surgery has caused an increasing number of women and men to undergo elective noninvasive and invasive procedures to enhance their appearance. As the number of patients interested in cosmetic surgery increases and the number of physicians performing these procedures increases, the risk of complications invariably also rises.

Quantitative assessment of nasal changes after maxillomandibular surgery using a 3-dimensional digital imaging system.

Objective: To evaluate nasal changes after maxillomandibular surgery by means of images taken with a 3-dimensional digital camera.

Design: Thirty-two patients (26 female and 6 male) with preoperative and postoperative 3-dimensional photographs were studied. The patients underwent maxillary movement with impaction (upward rotation), maxillary movement with lengthening (downward rotation), or maxillary movement without rotation.

Osteoplastic flap for frontal sinus obliteration in the era of image-guided endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background: This study evaluates the management of frontal sinus disease using osteoplastic flap surgery (OPFS) in the current era of image-guided endoscopic sinus surgery (IGESS).

Study Design: A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent OPFS and imaged-guided endoscopic frontal sintus surgery in the past 10 years at a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methods: Chart reviews of clinic patients and inpatients who underwent OPFS were performed.

Wound healing and physiology of skin flaps.

This article focuses on the dynamic process of wound healing, including the three phases of wound healing and the different types of wound healing. The physiology of skin flaps is described, with a focus on the vascular supply and biomechanics of skin flaps. The article reviews older and newer concepts of skin flap design.

Update in three-dimensional imaging in facial plastic surgery.

Purpose Of Review: Facial plastic surgeons have always relied on photography for preoperative and postoperative analysis, medicolegal documentation, and communication. The current standards for analysis and documentation of facial structures have been determined by obtaining measurements and parameters from two-dimensional photographs or radiographs. However, the face and neck are three-dimensional structures and require manipulation in three planes within the constraints of esthetics, stability, and function.

Nasal valve reconstruction: experience in 53 consecutive patients.

Objectives: To determine the cause of nasal valve obstruction in a series of patients requiring surgical correction, to evaluate the efficacy of our surgical techniques, and to assess the cosmetic effect of nasal valve repair.

Methods: Retrospective review of 53 consecutive cases involving adult patients who underwent nasal valve reconstruction over an 8-year period. The preoperative symptom severity, cause of nasal valve obstruction, preoperative photographs, anatomical findings at the time of surgery, and reconstructive techniques were reviewed.

Long-term results of lower-lid suspension blepharoplasty: a 30-year experience.

Background: Muscle suspension blepharoplasty remains a reliable method to tighten the loose skin and muscle of the lower eyelid.

Objective: To evaluate the 30-year experience of the senior author (N.J.

Combined silicone and cartilage implants: augmentation rhinoplasty in Asian patients.

Various alloplastic materials are used for nasal augmentation in Asian patients. Of these, silicone is the most prevalent because it is durable and facilitates sculpting. However, silicone grafts have been associated with complications, including tip extrusion, infection, and graft shifting.

Surgical treatment of the nasolabial angle in balanced rhinoplasty.

Nasal analysis and surgical planning are crucial for a successful, aesthetically pleasing rhinoplasty. One of the key parameters for evaluation is the nasolabial angle. The nasal spine, caudal septum, and medial crura of the lower lateral cartilages provide the framework for this area.

The incudostapedial joint angle: implications for stapes surgery prosthesis selection and crimping.

Objective: To evaluate the role of the incudostapedial joint (ISJ) angle in stapes prosthesis size selection and crimping.

Methods: The ISJ of 13 cadaveric human temporal bones were photographed, then measured using computer-aided design software. The relationship of ISJ angle to prosthesis length was modeled.