Analysis, design, and maintenance of isolation valves in water distribution networks: State of the art review, insights from field experiences and future directions.

Isolation valves play a primary role in water distribution networks as their operation enables isolating the part of the network undergoing planned or extraordinary maintenance, in the context of rehabilitation or pipe break repairs, respectively. This paper presents a review of the current state of the art of isolation valves, with a focus on the problems of analysis, e.g.

New optimization strategies for SWMM modeling of stormwater quality applications in urban area.

Build-up/wash-off models were originally developed for small-scale laboratory facilities with uniform properties. The effective translation of these models to catchment scale necessitates the meticulous calibration of model parameters. The present study combines the Mat-SWMM tool with a genetic algorithm (GA) to improve the calibration of build-up and wash-off parameters.

Scaling-Laws of Flow Entropy with Topological Metrics of Water Distribution Networks.

Robustness of water distribution networks is related to their connectivity and topological structure, which also affect their reliability. Flow entropy, based on Shannon's informational entropy, has been proposed as a measure of network redundancy and adopted as a proxy of reliability in optimal network design procedures. In this paper, the scaling properties of flow entropy of water distribution networks with their size and other topological metrics are studied.

Weighted spectral clustering for water distribution network partitioning.

In order to improve the management and to better locate water losses, Water Distribution Networks can be physically divided into District Meter Areas (DMAs), inserting hydraulic devices on proper pipes and thus simplifying the control of water budget and pressure regime. Traditionally, the water network division is based on empirical suggestions and on 'trial and error' approaches, checking results step by step through hydraulic simulation, and so making it very difficult to apply such approaches to large networks. Recently, some heuristic procedures, based on graph and network theory, have shown that it is possible to automatically identify optimal solutions in terms of number, shape and dimension of DMAs.