Development of primary superficial venous insufficiency: the ascending theory. Observational and hemodynamic data from a 9-year experience.

Background: Hemodynamic principles suggest that primary venous insufficiency follows the hydrostatic column of venous pressure of the limbs, and therefore, venous reflux begins at the lower points and rises upwards. To test the hypothesis of an "ascending development" of reflux, we carried an observational study to analyze the natural evolution of lower limb venous insufficiency.

Methods: During 9-year period patients with primary superficial venous disease who refused treatment were followed prospectively with 6-month scheduled clinical and duplex ultrasound examinations.

Echo-sclerosis hemodynamic conservative: a new technique for varicose vein treatment.

Treatment of venous insufficiency has been revolutionized by introduction of various less invasive procedures. The echo-sclerosis hemodynamic conservative (ESEC) technique is a completely new treatment of varicose veins that combines ultrasound-monitored sclerosis, innovative sclerotherapy findings, and hemodynamic principles. The objective of venous stasis suppression is achieved by the ESEC technique through a conservative and functional approach that preserves venous drainage and saphenous vessel integrity.