Neurophysiological assessment of sympathetic cardiovascular activity after loss of postganglionic neurons in the anesthetized rat.

The goal of this study was to determine the degree of sympathetic postganglionic neuronal loss required to impair cardiovascular-related sympathetic activity. To produce neuronal loss separate groups of rats were treated daily with guanethidine for either 5days or 11days, followed by a recovery period. Sympathetic activity was measured by renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA).

Latent carcinogenicity of early-life exposure to dichloroacetic acid in mice.

Environmental exposures occurring early in life may have an important influence on cancer risk later in life. Here, we investigated carryover effects of dichloroacetic acid (DCA), a small molecule analog of pyruvate with metabolic programming properties, on age-related incidence of liver cancer. The study followed a stop-exposure/promotion design in which 4-week-old male and female B6C3F1 mice received the following treatments: deionized water alone (dH2O, control); dH2O with 0.

PF-03882845, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, prevents renal injury with reduced risk of hyperkalemia in an animal model of nephropathy.

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists PF-03882845 and eplerenone were evaluated for renal protection against aldosterone-mediated renal disease in uninephrectomized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats maintained on a high salt diet and receiving aldosterone by osmotic mini-pump for 27 days. Serum K(+) and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) were assessed following 14 and 27 days of treatment. Aldosterone induced renal fibrosis as evidenced by increases in UACR, collagen IV staining in kidney cortex, and expression of pro-fibrotic genes relative to sham-operated controls not receiving aldosterone.

Comparison of the toxicity of several fumonisin derivatives in a 28-day feeding study with female B6C3F(1) mice.

Fumonisinmycotoxins are produced by Fusaria fungi that grow worldwide primarily on corn. Fumonisin B(1), the most predominant form in corn samples, is a renal carcinogen in male F344/N rats and a hepatocarcinogen in female B6C3F(1) mice when fed at concentrations higher than 50 ppm (70 micromol/kg) in the diet for 2 years. We sought to determine the relative toxicities of several naturally occurring fumonisin derivatives when included in the diet of female B6C3F(1) mice.

Effects of alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids on the edemal response induced in female SKH-1 mice by simulated solar light.

alpha- and beta-Hydroxy acids have been used extensively in cosmetic and dermatological formulations. At present, there is an inadequate amount of information with which to assess the safety of topical applications of alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids in conjunction with exposure to ultraviolet light. In the present study, we examined changes in the epidermal basal cell proliferation and the edemal response using skin thickness measurements elicited in SKH-1 mice following exposure to simulated solar light (SSL) with or without topical treatment with creams containing alpha- (glycolic) and beta-hydroxy (salicylic) acids.