Publications by authors named "Carlie Hoffman"
The Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2: Structure, Function, and Disease Relevance.
ACS Chem Neurosci
September 2019
The synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) family is comprised of three paralogues: SV2A, SV2B, and SV2C. In vertebrates, SV2s are 12-transmembrane proteins present on every secretory vesicle, including synaptic vesicles, and are critical to neurotransmission. Structural and functional studies suggest that SV2 proteins may play several roles to promote proper vesicular function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe future of medicine lies not primarily in cures but in disease modification and prevention. While the science of preclinical detection is young, it is moving rapidly. Preclinical interventions offer hope to decrease the severity of a disease or delay the development of a disorder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study investigates the relationship between olfaction and anxiety, particularly focusing on Kv1.3 knockout mice with heightened olfactory abilities.
- It finds that these mice exhibit increased anxiety levels compared to wild-type mice, indicating a potential inverse relationship between olfaction and anxiety.
- Additionally, treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) reduces anxiety in the Kv1.3-/- mice and helps with attention deficits, although the hyperactivity typically associated with these mice does not change significantly.
The synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) is an undercharacterized protein with enriched expression in phylogenetically old brain regions. Its precise role within the brain is unclear, though various lines of evidence suggest that SV2C is involved in the function of synaptic vesicles through the regulation of vesicular trafficking, calcium-induced exocytosis, or synaptotagmin function. SV2C has been linked to multiple neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease and psychiatric conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- * Genetic deletion of SV2C results in decreased dopamine release, impaired motor functions, and changes in nicotine's effects, highlighting its importance in dopamine homeostasis.
- * Altered SV2C levels are observed in postmortem tissues of PD patients, distinguishing it from other neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting its disruption is significant in understanding PD-related dopaminergic dysfunction.
Article Synopsis
- VMAT2 is a crucial transporter protein that packages important neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin into vesicles for release in the brain, and its function is linked to conditions like oxidative stress and Parkinson's disease.
- Researchers developed a new rabbit polyclonal antibody specific to VMAT2 to address a shortage of existing antibodies, ensuring it recognizes and localizes the protein in synaptic vesicles.
- This novel antibody effectively demonstrates VMAT2's distribution across key brain regions involved in neurotransmission, making it a valuable tool for exploring neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders tied to vesicular issues.
Article Synopsis
- The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is crucial for packaging neurotransmitters and protecting neurons from toxicants.
- Mice with low levels of VMAT2 show symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease, while those with high levels are better protected against neuron damage.
- Research confirms that VMAT2 impacts dopamine release and handling, suggesting it plays a significant role in protecting dopamine neurons and might influence side effects of L-DOPA in Parkinson's treatments.