Effectiveness of problem-based learning methodology in undergraduate medical education: a scoping review.

Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogical approach that shifts the role of the teacher to the student (student-centered) and is based on self-directed learning. Although PBL has been adopted in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, the effectiveness of the method is still under discussion. The author's purpose was to appraise available international evidence concerning to the effectiveness and usefulness of PBL methodology in undergraduate medical teaching programs.

Development and implementation of an advance care planning program in Catalonia, Spain.

Objective: Implementation of an advance care planning (ACP) program for people with advanced chronic conditions is a complex process. The aims of this paper are to describe (1) the development of the ACP program in Catalonia, Spain, for patients with advanced chronic conditions and complex needs and (2) the preliminary results of the implementation of this program in health and social services.

Method: The ACP program was developed and implemented in a four-stage process as follows: (1) design and organization of the project; (2) selection of the professionals to carry out the project; (3) creation of four working groups to develop the conceptual model, guidelines, training program, and perform a qualitative evaluation; and (4) project implementation.

[Every week counts: Use of health services and related costs of a community-based cohort of people with advanced chronic diseases].

Objective: To describe the use of health resources of people with advanced chronicity, quantifying and characterizing its cost to suggest improvements in health care models.

Design: Observational, analytical and prospective study during 3 years of a cohort of people with advanced chronicity.

Location: Three primary care teams (EAP) of Osona, Cataluña.

Ethical Challenges of Early Identification of Advanced Chronic Patients in Need of Palliative Care: The Catalan Experience.

Palliative care must be early applied to all types of advanced chronic and life limited prognosis patients, present in all health and social services. Patients' early identification and registry allows introducing palliative care gradually concomitant with other measures. Patients undergo a systematic and integrated care process, meant to improve their life quality, which includes multidimensional assessment of their needs, recognition of their values and preferences for advance care planning purposes, treatments review, family care, and case management.

[Find your 1%: prevalence and mortality of a community cohort of people with advanced chronic disease and palliative needs].

Objective: To determine the prevalence and profiles of people with advanced chronic diseases in Primary Care and to analyse the elements related to their mortality in order to orient strategies for improvement in this level of care.

Design: An observational, analytical and prospective study during 3 years conducted on a cohort of patients with palliative needs.

Location: Three Primary Care teams of Osona (Catalonia).

Comprehensive and Integrated Palliative Care for People With Advanced Chronic Conditions: An Update From Several European Initiatives and Recommendations for Policy.

The number of people in their last years of life with advanced chronic conditions, palliative care needs, and limited life prognosis due to different causes including multi-morbidity, organ failure, frailty, dementia, and cancer is rising. Such people represent more than 1% of the population. They are present in all care settings, cause around 75% of mortality, and may account for up to one-third of total national health system spend.

Utility of the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO tool and the Surprise Question as screening tools for early palliative care and to predict mortality in patients with advanced chronic conditions: A cohort study.

Background: The Surprise Question (SQ) identifies patients with palliative care needs. The NECPAL CCOMS-ICO (NECPAL) tool combines the Surprise Question with additional clinical parameters for a more comprehensive assessment. The capacity of these screening tools to predict mortality is still unknown.

[Living with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The impact of dyspnoea on patients and caregivers].

Aim: To understand the experiences of patients and caregivers living with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the impact of their symptoms and care needs arising from a functional, emotional, and social context.

Design: Qualitative study. Phenomenological perspective.

The Catalonia WHO Demonstration Project of Palliative Care: Results at 25 Years (1990-2015).

In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) Demonstration Project on Palliative Care in Catalonia (Spain) celebrated its 25th anniversary. The present report describes the achievements and progress made through this project. Numerous innovations have been made with regard to the palliative care (PC) model, organization, and policy.

Chronic and integrated care in Catalonia.

Introduction: The Chronicity Prevention and Care Programme set up by the Health Plan for Catalonia 2011-2015 has been an outstanding and excellent opportunity to create a new integrated care model in Catalonia. People with chronic conditions require major changes and transformation within the current health and social system. The new and gradual context of ageing, increase in the number of chronic diseases and the current fragmented system requires this transformation to be implemented.

Identifying patients with chronic conditions in need of palliative care in the general population: development of the NECPAL tool and preliminary prevalence rates in Catalonia.

Palliative care (PC) has focused on patients with cancer within specialist services. However, around 75% of the population in middle-income and high-income countries die of one or more chronic advanced diseases. Early identification of such patients in need of PC becomes crucial.

Prevalence and characteristics of patients with advanced chronic conditions in need of palliative care in the general population: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Of deaths in high-income countries, 75% are caused by progressive advanced chronic conditions. Palliative care needs to be extended from terminal cancer to these patients. However, direct measurement of the prevalence of people in need of palliative care in the population has not been attempted.

[Identification of people with chronic advanced diseases and need of palliative care in sociosanitary services: elaboration of the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO© tool].

Background And Objective: Around 75% of the population in our country will die as a consequence of chronic advanced diseases. Advanced chronic care is one of the major challenges for public health systems. This study describes the development of a tool to identify patients with advanced chronic diseases and life limited prognosis that might require some type of palliative intervention in our health and social environment.

Identifying needs and improving palliative care of chronically ill patients: a community-oriented, population-based, public-health approach.

Purpose Of Review: We describe conceptual innovations in palliative care epidemiology and the methods to identify patients in need of palliative care, in all settings.In middle-high-income countries, more than 75% of the population will die from chronic progressive diseases. Around 1.