Effect of diet on the management of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults from low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Introduction: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two highly prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide, both leading to disability and premature mortality in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Nutritional interventions towards a healthier dietary pattern or food and nutrients intake have an important role on the management of this disease. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of nutritional interventions on the management of blood pressure and glycaemia in adults with hypertension and T2DM from LMICs.

Vulnerable newborn phenotypes in Peru: a population-based study of 3,841,531 births at national and subnational levels from 2012 to 2021.

Background: We aimed to examine the national and subnational prevalence of vulnerable newborn phenotypes in Peru, 2012-2021.

Methods: Newborn phenotypes were defined using gestational age (preterm [PT], term [T]), birthweight for gestational age using INTERGROWTH-21st standards (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA] or large for gestational age [LGA]), and birthweight (low birthweight [LBW], non-LBW) using the Peruvian National Birth Registry as six (by excluding birthweight) and ten newborn phenotypes (using all three outcomes). Small phenotypes (with at least one classification of PT, SGA, or LBW) were further considered.

Effects of a household air pollution intervention using liquefied petroleum gas stoves, continuous fuel distribution and behavioural messaging on dietary and sodium intake of adult women in Puno, Peru: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Household air pollution (HAP) is a widespread environmental exposure worldwide. While several cleaner fuel interventions have been implemented to reduce personal exposures to HAP, it is unclear if cooking with cleaner fuels also affects the choice of meals and dietary intake.

Design: Individually randomised, open-label controlled trial of a HAP intervention.

Flat trend of high caesarean section rates in Peru: A pooled analysis of 3,376,062 births from the national birth registry, 2012 to 2020.

Background: National and subnational C-section rates are seldom available in low- and middle-income countries to guide policies and interventions. We aimed to describe the C-section rates at the national and subnational levels in Peru (2012-2020).

Methods: Based on the Peruvian national birth registry, we quantified C-section rates at the national, regional and province levels; also, by natural regions (Coast, Highlands, and Amazon).

Analysis of medical appointments for patients with overweight and obesity in a public hospital of Lima, Peru: a cross-sectional study of audio-recorded consultations.

Objective: To describe the content of overweight and obesity counseling performed in a public Peruvian hospital.

Methods: We audio-recorded 40 visits of patients with overweight or obesity from the internal medicine, cardiology, endocrinology, and family medicine services at Cayetano Heredia Hospital. Fragments of the recordings in which counseling was performed were transcribed and codified.

Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Adults: Evidence from a National Health Survey in Peru.

High consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is associated with a high risk of non-communicable diseases. Evidence of SSB consumption is needed to inform SSB-related policies, especially in countries with a high consumption, such as Peru. Using data from Peru's National Health Survey conducted in 2017-2018, the consumption of homemade and ready-to-drink SSB was estimated from a single 24 h dietary recall, accounting for socio-demographic and health-related variables.

National and subnational trends of birthweight in Peru: Pooled analysis of 2,927,761 births between 2012 and 2019 from the national birth registry.

Background: National and subnational characterization of birthweight profiles lacks in low- and middle-income countries, yet these are needed for monitoring the progress of national and global nutritional targets. We aimed to describe birthweight indicators at the national and subnational levels in Peru (2012-2019), and by selected correlates.

Methods: We studied mean birthweight (g), low birthweight (<2,500 g) and small for gestational age (according to international growth curves) prevalences.

Altered IgA Response to Gut Bacteria Is Associated with Childhood Asthma in Peru.

Alterations in gut microbiota in early life have been associated with the development of asthma; however, the role of gut bacteria or the IgA response to gut bacteria in school-aged children with asthma is unclear. To address this question, we profiled the microbial populations in fecal and nasal swab samples by 16S rRNA sequencing from 40 asthma and 40 control children aged 9-17 y from Peru. Clinical history and laboratory evaluation of asthma and allergy were obtained.

Prevalence of hypertension and controlled hypertension among United States adults: Evidence from NHANES 2017-18 survey.

Background: This study aims to compare the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and controlled hypertension (CHTN) in US adults and determine the absolute difference in the prevalence of HTN and CHTN between the JNC7 and ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines.

Methods: Data for this study were derived from the most recent cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. After excluding participants with missing systolic blood pressure (BP) or diastolic BP and aged <18 years, 4730 participants were included in the final analyses.

Effects of a Household Air Pollution Intervention with Liquefied Petroleum Gas on Cardiopulmonary Outcomes in Peru. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Approximately 40% of people worldwide are exposed to household air pollution (HAP) from the burning of biomass fuels. Previous efforts to document health benefits of HAP mitigation have been stymied by an inability to lower emissions to target levels. We sought to determine if a household air pollution intervention with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) improved cardiopulmonary health outcomes in adult women living in a resource-poor setting in Peru.

Food Choice and Dietary Intake among People with Tuberculosis in Peru: Implications for Improving Practice.

Background: In Peru, tuberculosis (TB) is perceived as a nutritional disease. This perception, alongside factors including household food insecurity, may drive the food choices of people with TB and influence treatment outcomes.

Objectives: The objective of this qualitative study was to explore drivers of food choice among adults recently diagnosed with TB.

Household food insecurity is associated with asthma control in Peruvian children living in a resource-poor setting.

Prior evidence suggests that there may be an association between asthma and food insecurity. We sought to describe the prevalence of food insecurity access, defined as having sufficient resources for appropriate foods in Lima, Peru, and evaluate its association with asthma status and control. We analyzed data from 553 children with asthma and 268 healthy controls aged nine to 19 years living in two peri-urban communities in Lima, Peru, in 2013.

An evaluation of the Fondo de Inclusión Social Energético program to promote access to liquefied petroleum gas in Peru.

Introduction: Over 80% of rural households in Peru use solid fuels as their primary source of domestic energy, which contributes to several health problems. In 2016, 6.7 million Peruvians were living in rural areas.

Serum folate concentrations, asthma, atopy, and asthma control in Peruvian children.

Background: The relationship between folate status and asthma-related outcomes has not been carefully examined in low- and middle-income countries where folate deficiency is common.

Methods: Ancillary analysis of an unmatched case-control study in which we analyzed serum folate concentrations in 412 children with asthma and 342 controls living in peri-urban communities in Lima, Peru. We examined baseline associations between folate and asthma, atopy, total serum IgE, pulmonary function, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide.

Disparities in dietary intake and physical activity patterns across the urbanization divide in the Peruvian Andes.

Background: Diet and activity are thought to worsen with urbanization, thereby increasing risk of obesity and chronic diseases. A better understanding of dietary and activity patterns across the urbanization divide may help identify pathways, and therefore intervention targets, leading to the epidemic of overweight seen in low- and middle-income populations. Therefore, we sought to characterize diet and activity in a population-based study of urban and rural residents in Puno, Peru.

Associations between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and prevalent asthma among children living in communities with differing levels of urbanization: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Prior evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of asthma and atopy and impair pulmonary function in children.

Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis nested in a case-control study, we analyzed serum 25(OH)D concentrations in 413 children with asthma and 471 children without asthma living in two geographically adjacent study communities (Pampas and Villa El Salvador). We measured total and antigen-specific IgE levels, pulmonary function, asthma control, and exhaled nitric oxide.

Free 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with atopy and lung function in children with asthma.

Background: Evidence suggests free mono-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations are more strongly linked to certain outcomes than total concentrations; however, no studies have examined the relation between free 25(OH)D and respiratory or allergic disease.

Objective: To examine associations between total and free 25(OH)D concentrations and asthma outcomes.

Methods: We quantified total and free 25(OH)D concentrations in 137 Peruvian children with asthma and 152 children without asthma and examined associations with asthma outcomes.

Association Between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Asthma in Peruvian Children.

Purpose: Adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern may be associated with lower asthma prevalence in children. We sought to corroborate these findings in Peruvian children.

Methods: This case-control study included children of ages 9-19 years living in Lima, Peru.