Tobacco consumption in Mozambique in 2005 and 2015.

Introduction: The burden related to smoking exposure is growing in many low-income settings. We aimed to quantify the use of smoked and smokeless tobacco in Mozambique in 2014/2015, and to compare the estimates with those obtained in 2005.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 2014/2015 on a representative sample of the Mozambican population aged 15 to 64 years, following the World Health Organization Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS).

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Young Adults (18-25 Years) in Mozambique.

The life course development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and the undergoing epidemiological transition in Mozambique highlight the importance of monitoring the cardiovascular risk profile in young adults. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of CVD risk factors in a population aged 18-25 years living in Mozambique. A total of 776 young adults from a nationally representative sample were evaluated in 2014/2015 following the World Health Organization's STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance.

Changes in prevalence and the cascade of care for type 2 diabetes over ten years (2005-2015): results of two nationally representative surveys in Mozambique.

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is predicted to have the steepest increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the next 25 years. The latest Mozambican population-based STEPS survey (STEPS 2005) estimated a 2.9% prevalence of diabetes in the adult population aged 25-64 years.

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer, Overall and by Tumor Subtype, among Women from Mozambique, Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Breast cancer incidence is rising in Africa, but there are scare data regarding risk factors in this region. We assessed the relation between risk factors and the occurrence of breast cancer, overall and by tumor subtype in women from Mozambique.

Methods: The associations between education, number of births, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and breast cancer risk among 138 cases (participants from the Moza-BC cohort) and 638 controls from the general population (from a World Health Organization stepwise approach to surveillance survey), recruited during 2014 to 2017, were investigated.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mozambique in 2005 and 2015.

Objective: The ongoing demographic, nutritional and epidemiological transitions in sub-Saharan Africa highlight the importance of monitoring overweight and obesity. We aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mozambique in 2014/2015 and compare the estimates with those obtained in 2005.

Design: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2014/2015, following the WHO Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS).

Cervical cancer screening uptake in women aged between 15 and 64 years in Mozambique.

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Mozambique, reflecting the high prevalence of both human papillomavirus and HIV infections. A national screening program for cervical cancer was started in 2009, using the visual inspection with acetic acid and cryotherapy, targeting women aged 30-55 years. We aimed to estimate the self-reported prevalence and determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake in Mozambique.

Knowledge and behaviors regarding salt intake in Mozambique.

Background/objectives: Health education and regulatory measures may contribute to lower population salt intake. Therefore, we aimed to describe knowledge and behaviors related to salt intake in Mozambique.

Subjects/methods: A cross-sectional evaluation of a representative sample of the population aged 15-64 years (n = 3116) was conducted in 2014/2015, following the Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance, including a 12-question module for evaluation of dietary salt.

Hypertension in Mozambique: trends between 2005 and 2015.

Objective: To assess the current prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of arterial hypertension in Mozambican population, including adolescents and young adults, and to appraise their trends over the past decade, for the 25-64 years old population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the population aged 15-64 years (n = 2965) was conducted in 2014-2015, following the Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance. Data from a survey conducted in 2005 using the same methodological approach was used to assess trends in the age group of 25-64 years.

Motor Learning Requires Purkinje Cell Synaptic Potentiation through Activation of AMPA-Receptor Subunit GluA3.

Accumulating evidence indicates that cerebellar long-term potentiation (LTP) is necessary for procedural learning. However, little is known about its underlying molecular mechanisms. Whereas AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit rules for synaptic plasticity have been extensively studied in relation to declarative learning, it is unclear whether these rules apply to cerebellum-dependent motor learning.

Amyloid-β effects on synapses and memory require AMPA receptor subunit GluA3.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a prime suspect for causing cognitive deficits during the early phases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experiments in AD mouse models have shown that soluble oligomeric clusters of Aβ degrade synapses and impair memory formation. We show that all Aβ-driven effects measured in these mice depend on AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA3.

Triggering of stroke by ambient temperature variation: a case-crossover study in Maputo, Mozambique.

Objectives: The effect of ambient temperature as a stroke trigger is likely to differ by type of stroke and to depend on non-transient exposures that influence the risk of this outcome. We aimed to quantify the association between ambient temperature variation and stroke, according to clinical characteristics of the events, and other risk factors for stroke.

Methods: We conducted a case-crossover study based on a 1-year registry of the hospital admissions due to newly occurring ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke events in Maputo, Mozambique's capital city (N=593).

Model-based patterns of cardiovascular risk factors in Mozambique.

Background: Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases tend to cluster, although evidence from settings under epidemiological transition is scarce.

Aim: To identify patterns of clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and to quantify their association with sociodemographic characteristics, in Mozambique.

Subjects And Methods: A national representative sample (n = 3323) of subjects aged 25-64 years was evaluated in 2005, using the World Health Organization Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS).

Spectrum of pediatric cancers in Mozambique: an analysis of hospital and population-based data.

The existing data provide little detail about the epidemiology of pediatric cancers in Mozambique. We aimed at characterizing the spectrum of pediatric cancers (0-14 years) diagnosed in Mozambique in two different calendar periods. Data were obtained from the Pathology Department of the Maputo Central Hospital (DP-HCM) (1999-2000 and 2009-2010), which receives virtually all samples for histopathological diagnosis in Maputo, with the exception of leukemia, and from the population-based Cancer Registry of Beira (2009-2010).

Cardiovascular risk in Mozambique: who should be treated for hypertension?

Aim: To estimate the proportion of Mozambicans eligible for pharmacological treatment for hypertension, according to single risk factor and total cardiovascular risk approaches.

Methods: A representative sample of Mozambicans aged 40-64 years (n=1116) was evaluated according to the WHO STEPwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS). We measured blood pressure (BP) and 12-h fasting blood glucose levels and collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, and use of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs.

Low prevalence of hypertension with pharmacological treatments and associated factors.

Objective: To assess the determinants of the lack of pharmacological treatment for hypertension.

Methods: In 2005, 3,323 Mozambicans aged 25-64 years old were evaluated. Blood pressure, weight, height and smoking status were assessed following the Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance.

The effect of season and temperature variation on hospital admissions for incident stroke events in Maputo, Mozambique.

Background: Identifying locale-specific patterns regarding the variation in stroke incidence throughout the year and with atmospheric temperature may be useful to the organization of stroke care, especially in low-resource settings.

Goal: We aimed to describe the variation in the incidence of stroke hospitalizations across seasons and with short-term temperature variation, in Maputo, Mozambique.

Methods: Between August 1, 2005, and July 31, 2006, we identified 651 stroke events in Maputo dwellers, according to the World Health Organization's STEPwise approach.

Determinants of early case-fatality among stroke patients in Maputo, Mozambique and impact of in-hospital complications.

The burden of stroke is increasing in developing countries that struggle to manage it efficiently. We identified determinants of early case-fatality among stroke patients in Maputo, Mozambique, to assess the impact of in-hospital complications. Patients admitted to any hospital in Maputo with a new stroke event were prospectively registered (n = 651) according to the World Health Organization's STEPwise approach, in 2005-2006.

Non-communicable diseases in Mozambique: risk factors, burden, response and outcomes to date.

Mozambique is located on the East Coast of Africa bordering South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi and Tanzania and is one of the poorest countries in the world. Currently NCDs account for 28% of deaths in Mozambique. Risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use and poor diet are present in both urban and rural settings.

Physical activity patterns in Mozambique: urban/rural differences during epidemiological transition.

Objective: To assess the socio-demographic determinants of physical activity, by intensity and domain, across urban and rural areas in Mozambican adults.

Method: A national representative sample (n=3323) of subjects aged 25-64 years was evaluated in 2005 following the World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS), which includes the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. We computed prevalences, and age- and education-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR), with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Alcohol consumption in Mozambique: Results from a national survey including primary and surrogate respondents.

Background: Data on the correspondence between information on alcohol consumption obtained from household members directly interviewed and those evaluated through surrogate respondents are scarce in developing countries.

Aim: To estimate alcohol consumption in Mozambique and to compare the information self-reported by subjects directly interviewed with data provided by surrogate respondents referring to household members that were absent during interview.

Subjects And Methods: A representative sample of 20 033 Mozambicans aged 25-64 years was evaluated in 2003 as part of a national household survey.

Implementation of cervical cancer screening using visual inspection with acetic acid in rural Mozambique: successes and challenges using HIV care and treatment programme investments in Zambézia Province.

Background: In order to maximize the benefits of HIV care and treatment investments in sub-Saharan Africa, programs can broaden to target other diseases amenable to screening and efficient management. We nested cervical cancer screening into family planning clinics at select sites also receiving PEPFAR support for antiretroviral therapy (ART) rollout. This was done using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) by maternal child health nurses.

Tobacco consumption in Mozambique: use of distinct types of tobacco across urban and rural settings.

Introduction: Monitoring tobacco consumption patterns is essential to define and evaluate strategies to control the tobacco epidemic. We aimed to quantify the use of smoked (manufactured/hand-rolled cigarettes) and smokeless (snuff/chew) tobacco, according to sociodemographic characteristics, in adult Mozambicans.

Methods: A national representative sample (n = 3,323) of subjects aged 25-64 years was evaluated in 2005 following the World Health Organization Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS), which included the assessment of tobacco consumption with the quantification of each type of tobacco used daily.

Acceptability of cervical cancer screening in rural Mozambique.

In Zambézia province, Mozambique, cervical cancer (CC) screening was introduced to rural communities in 2010. Our study sought to determine whether women would accept screening via pelvic examination and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) at two clinical sites near the onset of a new CC screening program. A cross-sectional descriptive study of 101 women was undertaken in two rural communities in north-central Mozambique.