Copper-Mediated Dehydrogenative C(sp)-H Borylation of Alkanes.

Borylations of inert carbon-hydrogen bonds are highly useful for transforming feedstock chemicals into versatile organoboron reagents. Catalysis of these reactions has historically relied on precious-metal complexes, which promote dehydrogenative borylations with diboron reagents under oxidant-free conditions. Recently, photoinduced radical-mediated borylations involving hydrogen atom transfer pathways have emerged as attractive alternatives because they provide complimentary regioselectivities and proceed under metal-free conditions.

De Novo Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofurans and Indolines and Its Application to a Modular, Asymmetric Synthesis of Beraprost.

Dihydrobenzofurans and indolines are important constituents of pharmaceuticals. Herein, we describe a novel strategy for their construction in which the aromatic ring is created through an inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder reaction and cheletropic extrusion sequence of a 2-halothiophene-1,1-dioxide with an enol ether/enamide, followed by aromatization. Unusually, the aromatization process proved to be highly challenging, but it was discovered that treatment of the halocyclohexadienes with a base effected an α-elimination-aromatization reaction.

Selective hydroboration of electron-rich isocyanates by an NHC-copper(I) alkoxide.

The (IPr)CuOBu catalysed reduction of 11 aryl and alkyl isocyanates with pinacolborane gave only the boraformamides, pinBN(R)C(O)H, in most cases. Overreduction, which hampers almost all isocyanate hydroborations, was restricted to electron poor aryl isocyanates (4-NC-CHNCO, 4-FC-CHNCO, 3-ON-CHNCO). Computational analysis showed stability of [(IPr)CuH]2, which was proposed to be the catalyst resting state, drives selectivity, suggesting an approach to prevent overreduction in future work.

C-H Insertion in Dirhodium Tetracarboxylate-Catalyzed Reactions despite Dynamical Tendencies toward Fragmentation: Implications for Reaction Efficiency and Catalyst Design.

Rh-catalyzed C-H insertion reactions to form β-lactones suffer from post-transition state bifurcations, with the same transition states leading to ketones and ketenes via fragmentation in addition to β-lactones. In such a circumstance, traditional transition state theory cannot predict product selectivity, so we employed molecular dynamics simulations to do so and provide a framework for rationalizing the origins of said selectivity. Weak interactions between the catalyst and substrate were studied using energy decomposition and noncovalent interaction analyses, which unmasked an important role of the 2-bromophenyl substituent that has been used in multiple β-lactone-forming C-H insertion reactions.

Effective Characteristics of Iranian Nursing Students in Their Relationship with Clinical Nurses.

The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of undergraduate nursing students, which may determine the nature of their relationship with clinical nurses. Relationships between nursing students and clinical nurses are critical to maximize student learning outcomes and produce skilled graduates for the future health workforce. This qualitative content analysis study was conducted from January to August 2016.

Ex Vivo Analysis of Tryptophan Metabolism Using F NMR.

Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is metabolized into a variety of small molecules capable of impacting human physiology, and aberrant tryptophan metabolism has been linked to a number of diseases. There are three principal routes by which tryptophan is degraded, and thus methods for measuring metabolic flux through these pathways can be used to understand the factors that perturb tryptophan metabolism and potentially to measure disease biomarkers. Here, we describe a method utilizing 6-fluorotryptophan as a probe for detecting tryptophan metabolites in ex vivo tissue samples via F nuclear magnetic resonance.

Treating infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome: an examination of three protocols.

Objective: Describe the characteristics of infants with NAS and determine if treatment outcomes varied between three protocols.

Study Design: Based on medical record data, infant treatment for NAS-related withdrawal reflected one of three protocols: (1) No rescue dose (n = 836, 52.7%): Prescriber ordered initiation and escalation doses and determined when infants were eligible for weaning, (2) Rescue dose (n = 233, 14.

The Development of an International Oncofertility Competency Framework: A Model to Increase Oncofertility Implementation.

Background: Despite international evidence about fertility preservation (FP), several barriers still prevent the implementation of equitable FP practice. Currently, oncofertility competencies do not exist. The aim of this study was to develop an oncofertility competency framework that defines the key components of oncofertility care, develops a model for prioritizing service development, and defines the roles that health care professionals (HCPs) play.

Primary care experience of older Australians with chronic illness.

This large (>1000) cross-sectional study investigates patient-reported primary care experiences of older people with chronic illness. Previous research has found that approximately half of patients with chronic illness receive optimal chronic illness care and outcomes in Australian general practice. A survey was administered via a double opt-in panel method to people aged ≥55 years who have one or more self-reported major chronic diseases (diabetes and/or chronic heart, kidney, lung, mental health and/or musculoskeletal conditions).

Formal [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of Anhydrides and α,β-Unsaturated N-Tosyl Ketimines.

A method for the diastereoselective synthesis of highly substituted β-enamino ketones from anhydrides and ketone-derived imines is reported. Cyclic, enolizable anhydrides undergo a base-promoted conjugate addition reaction with α,β-unsaturated N-tosyl ketimines, followed by an intramolecular acylation to give formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition products. The carboxylic acid-containing products are formed with modest selectivity for the cis-diastereomer and can be fully epimerized to the trans-diastereomer upon esterification.

Chronic disease management support in Australian workplaces-low base, rising need.

Issue Addressed: This study investigates the current nature, levels and perceived need for workplace support among mature age Australian workers with chronic illness.

Methods: A cross-sectional population survey was conducted via a double opt-in panel sample of Australian workers aged 45 years and older with one or more of six major chronic diseases (diabetes and/or chronic heart, kidney, lung, mental health and/or musculoskeletal conditions).

Results: Three hundred and fourteen respondents reported being in the workforce and having at least one of the chronic conditions under investigation, of which almost one third reported having more than one of the conditions.

Correction: The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research.

Correction for 'The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research' by James B. McAlpine et al., Nat.

How can we improve oncofertility care for patients? A systematic scoping review of current international practice and models of care.

Background: Fertility preservation (FP) is an important quality of life issue for cancer survivors of reproductive age. Despite the existence of broad international guidelines, the delivery of oncofertility care, particularly amongst paediatric, adolescent and young adult patients, remains a challenge for healthcare professionals (HCPs). The quality of oncofertility care is variable and the uptake and utilization of FP remains low.

The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research.

Covering: up to 2018With contributions from the global natural product (NP) research community, and continuing the Raw Data Initiative, this review collects a comprehensive demonstration of the immense scientific value of disseminating raw nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, independently of, and in parallel with, classical publishing outlets. A comprehensive compilation of historic to present-day cases as well as contemporary and future applications show that addressing the urgent need for a repository of publicly accessible raw NMR data has the potential to transform natural products (NPs) and associated fields of chemical and biomedical research. The call for advancing open sharing mechanisms for raw data is intended to enhance the transparency of experimental protocols, augment the reproducibility of reported outcomes, including biological studies, become a regular component of responsible research, and thereby enrich the integrity of NP research and related fields.

Prediction of F NMR Chemical Shifts for Fluorinated Aromatic Compounds.

Scaling factors are reported for use in predicting F NMR chemical shifts for fluorinated (hetero)aromatic compounds with relatively low levels of theory. Our recommended scaling factors were developed using a curated data set of 52 compounds, with 100 individual F shifts spanning a range of 153 ppm. With a maximum deviation of 6.

Home care in Australia: an integrative review.

The home care sector comprises one of Australia's fastest growing workforces, yet few papers capture the overall landscape of Australian home care. This integrative review investigates home care with the aim of better understanding care recipients and their needs, funding, and regulation; care worker skills, tasks, demographics, employment conditions, and training needs. Over 2,700 pieces of literature were analyzed to inform this review.

Right care, right place, right time: improving the timeliness of health care in New South Wales through a public-private hospital partnership.

Objective The overall aim of the study was to investigate and assess the feasibility of improving the timeliness of public hospital care through a New South Wales (NSW)-wide public-private hospital partnership. Methods The study reviewed the academic and professional grey literature, and undertook exploratory analyses of secondary data acquired from two national health data repositories informing in-patient access and utilisation across NSW public and private hospitals. Results In 2014-15, the NSW public hospital system was unable to deliver care within the medically recommended time frame for over 27400 people who were awaiting elective surgery.

Is health systems integration being advanced through Local Health District planning?

Objective Delivering genuine integrated health care is one of three strategic directions in the New South Wales (NSW) Government State Health Plan: Towards 2021. This study investigated the current key health service plan of each NSW Local Health District (LHD) to evaluate the extent and nature of health systems integration strategies that are currently planned. Methods A scoping review was conducted to identify common key principles and practices for successful health systems integration to enable the development of an appraisal tool to content assess LHD strategic health service plans.

Neonatal abstinence syndrome: evaluating the effectiveness of an evidence-based multidisciplinary care approach.

An evidence-based, multidisciplinary neonatal abstinence syndrome protocol was developed using a stepwise continuous quality improvement (CQI) approach with the goal of standardizing care procedures for these infants. A retrospective secondary data analysis was performed to evaluate the differential effects of each step of the CQI project on 4 key clinical outcome measures: length of stay (total and post-opioid wean), weaning time from opioids, and use of adjunct medications. Data were analyzed from 386 newborn infants with a diagnosis of neonatal abstinence syndrome undergoing treatment in a level III neonatal intensive care unit.