Diagnostic tests for hepatitis C: recent trends in electrochemical immunosensor and genosensor analysis.

Hepatitis C is a liver disease that is transmitted through contact with the blood of an infected person. An estimated 150 million individuals worldwide have been chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C shows significant genetic variation in the global population, due to the high rate of viral RNA mutation.

Surface-modified ZnSe waveguides for label-free infrared attenuated total reflection detection of DNA hybridization.

This communication presents a novel label-free biosensing method to monitor DNA hybridization via infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy using surface-modified ZnSe waveguides. Well-defined carboxyl-terminated monolayers were formed at H-terminated ZnSe by direct photochemical activation. Chemical activation of the acidic function was obtained by using succinimide/carbodiimide linkers.

Electrogravimetric real-time and in situ michaelis-menten enzymatic kinetics: progress curve of acetylcholinesterase hydrolysis.

A piezoelectric detection of enzyme-modified surface was performed under Michaelis-Menten presumptions of steady-state condition. The approach herein presented showed promise in the study of enzymatic kinetics by measuring the frequency changes associated with mass changes at the piezoelectric crystal surface. Likewise, real-time frequency shifts, that is, dΔf/dt, indicated the rate of products formation from enzymatic reaction.