Short-term feeding of a ketogenic diet induces more severe hepatic insulin resistance than an obesogenic high-fat diet.

Key Points: A ketogenic diet is known to lead to weight loss and is considered metabolically healthy; however there are conflicting reports on its effect on hepatic insulin sensitivity. KD fed animals appear metabolically healthy in the fasted state after 3 days of dietary challenge, whereas obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) fed animals show elevated insulin levels. A glucose challenge reveals that both KD and HFD fed animals are glucose intolerant.

"DAK", a traditional decoction in Palau, as adjuvant for patients with insufficient control of diabetes mellitus type II.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Can a medicinal plant be useful when standard modern treatment is insufficient? After a population survey in the Republic of Palau (retrospective treatment-outcome study, following the reverse pharmacology approach) on local treatments and associated outcomes for diabetes, a traditional drink made with Phaleria nisidai Kaneh and several other plants called "Delal A Kar", (meaning "mother of medicine") appeared as a promising therapy. This is the first clinical study on a standardized version of "Delal A Kar" called DAK.

Aims/hypothesis: This is a study of the effect of DAK as adjuvant therapy when diabetes control is insufficient.

A high-throughput, image-based screen to identify kinases involved in brown adipocyte development.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for thermogenesis that is not associated with shivering through the process of converting chemical energy into heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the mitochondria. Thus, expanding or activating BAT could be a potential tool against obesity. To analyze the effect of kinase signaling on brown adipocyte formation, a process that describes the acquisition of the ability to dissipate energy as heat, we performed lentiviral-mediated short hairpin knockdown or used pharmacological inhibitors in a high-content and high-throughput in vitro image-based screen.

TUSC5 regulates insulin-mediated adipose tissue glucose uptake by modulation of GLUT4 recycling.

Objective: Failure to properly dispose of glucose in response to insulin is a serious health problem, occurring during obesity and is associated with type 2 diabetes development. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is facilitated by the translocation and plasma membrane fusion of vesicles containing glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), the rate-limiting step of post-prandial glucose disposal.

Methods: We analyzed the role of Tusc5 in the regulation of insulin-stimulated Glut4-mediated glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo.