Automated discovery of experimental designs in super-resolution microscopy with XLuminA.

Driven by human ingenuity and creativity, the discovery of super-resolution techniques, which circumvent the classical diffraction limit of light, represent a leap in optical microscopy. However, the vast space encompassing all possible experimental configurations suggests that some powerful concepts and techniques might have not been discovered yet, and might never be with a human-driven direct design approach. Thus, AI-based exploration techniques could provide enormous benefit, by exploring this space in a fast, unbiased way.

Calibrating Observational Health Record Data Against a Randomized Trial.

Importance: The conditions required for health record data sources to accurately assess treatment effectiveness remain unclear. Emulation of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with health record data and subsequent calibration of the results can help elucidate this.

Objective: To pilot an emulation of the KEYNOTE-189 RCT using a commercially available electronic health record (EHR) data source.

Effect of Time-Varying Exposure to School-Based Health Promotion on Adiposity in Childhood.

Background: The results of most school-based health promotion initiatives are inconclusive.

Objectives: This trial assessed the effect of time-varying exposures to a multicomponent school-based health promotion intervention (SI! Program) on adiposity markers.

Methods: A total of 48 schools in Madrid (Spain) were cluster randomized to receive the SI! Program through elementary education grades 1 to 6 (E1-6, 12 schools, 459 children), 1 to 3 (E1-3, 12 schools, 513 children), or 4 to 6 (E4-6, 12 schools, 419 children) or to receive the standard curriculum (control, 12 schools, 379 children).

Mobile Cardiac Telemetry Use to Predict Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) have a higher incidence of arrhythmias during pregnancy, yet the utility of mobile cardiac telemetry (MCT) to predict adverse outcomes is unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine whether arrhythmias on screening MCT correlate with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: Patients with CHD prospectively enrolled in the Standardized Outcomes in Reproductive Cardiovascular Care initiative underwent 24-hour MCT (within 18 months prior to pregnancy).

High-Risk Congenital Heart Disease in Pregnancy.

High-risk congenital heart disease (CHD) in pregnancy presents a complex clinical challenge. With improved medical care and increased survival rates, a growing population of adults with complex CHD are surviving to adulthood, including women of reproductive age. This chapter focuses on risk stratification and management of pregnant women with high-risk CHD, emphasizing the importance of considering both anatomical and physiological complexity.

2-iodohexadecanal induces autophagy during goiter involution.

Background: Iodine plays an important role in thyroid physiology and biochemistry. The thyroid is capable of producing different iodolipids such as 2-iodohexadecanal (2-IHDA). Data from different laboratories have shown that 2-IHDA inhibits several thyroid parameters and it has been postulated as intermediary on the action of iodide function.

Selenium bioavailability modulates the sensitivity of thyroid cells to iodide excess.

Introduction: Iodide is an essential micronutrient for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and its imbalance is involved in the origin of different thyroid pathological processes. Selenium (Se) is another essential trace element that contributes to thyroid preservation through the control of the redox homeostasis. Different studies have demonstrated that sodium-iodide-symporter (NIS) is downregulated in the presence of iodide excess and Se supplementation reverses this effect.

Female-specific risk factors of parity and menopause age and risk of carotid plaque: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.

Background: Female-specific factors of grand multiparity (≥5 births) and early menopause age are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, mechanisms are incompletely understood. Carotid plaque is a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and associated with increased CVD risk.

School-Based Cardiovascular Health Promotion in Adolescents: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: School-based interventions offer an opportunity for health promotion in adolescence.

Objective: To assess the effect of 2 multicomponent educational health promotion strategies of differing duration and intensity on adolescents' cardiovascular health (CVH).

Design, Setting, And Participants: The SI! Program for Secondary Schools is a 4-year cluster randomized clinical intervention trial conducted in 24 secondary schools from Barcelona and Madrid, Spain, from September 7, 2017, to July 31, 2021.

Rediscovery of Rusby (Rosaceae) and a new record for the flora of Ecuador and Peru.

We report the rediscovery of Rusby, "Mora India", described in 1933 from Colombia and not mentioned again until the present study. We also update its distribution with eight new localities in Colombia, seven in Ecuador and one in Peru, being a new record for the flora of the latter two countries. This is the first time that ' stipules and flowers are found and detailed through a botanical description, illustrations and photographs.

Optimizing the classification of biological tissues using machine learning models based on polarized data.

Polarimetric data is nowadays used to build recognition models for the characterization of organic tissues or the early detection of some diseases. Different Mueller matrix-derived polarimetric observables, which allow a physical interpretation of a specific characteristic of samples, are proposed in literature to feed the required recognition algorithms. However, they are obtained through mathematical transformations of the Mueller matrix and this process may loss relevant sample information in search of physical interpretation.

Effect of traumatic brain injury on mild behavioral impairment domains prior to all-cause dementia diagnosis and throughout disease progression.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may alter dementia progression, although co-occurring neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) have received less attention. Originally designed to evaluate behavioral disruption prior to dementia diagnosis, the mild behavioral impairment (MBI) construct relates NPS to underlying neural circuit disruptions, with probable relevance across the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, the MBI construct may represent a valuable tool to identify and evaluate related NPS both preceding diagnosis of all-cause dementia throughout the progression of disease, representing an important area of inquiry regarding TBI and dementia.

Demographic characteristics, outcomes and experience of patients using virtual urgent care services from 14 emergency department led sites in Ontario.

Introduction: As part of the COVID-19 pandemic response, the Ontario Ministry of Health funded a virtual care pilot program intended to support emergency department (ED) diversion of patients with low acuity complaints and reduce the need for face-to-face contact. The objective was to describe the demographic characteristics, outcomes and experience of patients using the provincial pilot program.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of patients using virtual care services provided by 14 ED-led pilot sites from December 2020 to September 2021.

Automatic pseudo-coloring approaches to improve visual perception and contrast in polarimetric images of biological tissues.

Imaging polarimetry methods have proved their suitability to enhance the image contrast between tissues and structures in organic samples, or even to reveal structures hidden in regular intensity images. These methods are nowadays used in a wide range of biological applications, as for the early diagnosis of different pathologies. To include the discriminatory potential of different polarimetric observables in a single image, a suitable strategy reported in literature consists in associating different observables to different color channels, giving rise to pseudo-colored images helping the visualization of different tissues in samples.

Priorities and Understanding of Pregnancy Among Women With Congenital Heart Disease: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: Many women with congenital heart disease (CHD) desire safe and successful pregnancies, but a significant proportion does not seek prepregnancy counseling.

Objectives: This study aims to distinguish the personal priorities and perceptions about pregnancy in this growing population.

Methods: Women aged 18 to 50 years with CHD were enrolled from 2 sites.

Neuroimaging Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Neuroimaging is widely utilized in studying traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The risk for PTSD is greater after TBI than after non-TBI trauma, and PTSD is associated with worse outcomes after TBI. Studying the neuroimaging correlates of TBI-related PTSD may provide insights into the etiology of both conditions and help identify those TBI patients most at risk of developing persistent symptoms.

6 Iodo-delta lactone inhibits angiogenesis in human HT29 colon adenocarcinoma xenograft.

Introduction: Several studies have shown the antiproliferative effect of iodine and 5‑hydroxy-6 iodo-eicosatrienoic delta lactone (IL-δ) on diverse tissues. It was demonstrated that molecular iodine (I) and IL-δ, but not iodide (I), exerts anti-neoplastic actions in different cancers. The underlying mechanism through which IL-δ inhibits tumor growth remains unclear.

Association between parity and markers of inflammation: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.

Introduction: Multiparity has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inflammation may be a mechanism linking parity to CVD. We investigated the association between parity and later-life markers of inflammation.

Parity History and Later Life Sex Hormone Levels in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background: Multiparity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). A more androgenic sex hormone profile, with a higher testosterone (T)/estradiol (E2) ratio, is associated with worse CVD outcomes in women and might be one mechanism linking multiparity to increased CVD risk. We investigated the relationship between parity and sex hormones at mid-to-older age.

Polarimetric observables for the enhanced visualization of plant diseases.

This paper highlights the potential of using polarimetric methods for the inspection of plant diseased tissues. We show how depolarizing observables are a suitable tool for the accurate discrimination between healthy and diseased tissues due to the pathogen infection of plant samples. The analysis is conducted on a set of different plant specimens showing various disease symptoms and infection stages.

Flavonoid Intake From Cocoa-Based Products and Adiposity Parameters in Adolescents in Spain.

Background: Cocoa-based products are a good source of flavonoids, which may have beneficial effects on metabolic health.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between flavonoids from cocoa-based products and adiposity parameters in adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 944 adolescents aged 11-14 years enrolled in the SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial in Spain with available baseline data from food frequency questionnaires and anthropometric measurements [weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and fat mass percentage (% FM) by bioimpedance analysis].

Behavioral and Emotional Dyscontrol Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and Electrophysiological Correlates.

Background: Behavioral and emotional dyscontrol commonly occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroimaging and electrophysiological correlates of dyscontrol have not been systematically summarized in the literature to date.

Objective: To complete a systematic review of the literature examining neuroimaging and electrophysiological findings related to behavioral and emotional dyscontrol due to TBI.

Cognitive impairment in adult CHD survivors: A pilot study.

The most common comorbidities in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are neurodevelopmental impairments, particularly in areas of executive function, memory and attention. Limited studies have demonstrated similar impairments in CHD adults although no studies have screened specifically for mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Methods We performed a prospective cross-sectional study of CHD patients, ages 30-65 years, who were coming for clinic visits.