Decreasing Perioperative Opiate Use During Pancreaticoduodenectomy Using Transversus Abdominus Plane Blocks: A Review of the Literature.

Background: Pancreatoduodenectomy is a highly complex surgical procedure associated with high postoperative morbidity and mortality. Treatment of postoperative pain is crucial to preventing chronic pain and further complications. Opioids are the leading treatment modality for acute postoperative pain for all surgical procedures in the US, contributing to the opioid epidemic, a crisis causing death and lifelong impairment in many patients.