The Importance of Differential Diagnosis in Splenogonadal Fusion: A Case Report.

Splenogonadal fusion is a rare, benign congenital malformation characterized by the association of splenic tissue and gonads (typically testicles). It is a condition of male predominance and can be classified into two types: continuous, if the spleen and gonad are united by a splenic cord or fibrous tissue, or discontinuous. Splenogonadal fusion is often associated with other congenital anomalies such as cryptorchidism, limb defects, and micrognathia.

Diffuse infantile hepatic haemangioma-how to manage an incidental but potentially lethal finding.

Infantile hepatic haemangioma (IHH) is a rare vascular tumour that is potentially lethal due to its associated complications, including heart failure, hepatic failure, hypothyroidism and abdominal compartment syndrome. The authors report a case of an asymptomatic diffuse IHH in a newborn male, which was presented as an incidental finding at the time that the patient was diagnosed with pyloric stenosis. The patient was treated with increasing doses of propranolol that were well tolerated.

Recurrent gastric lactobezoar in an infant.

Lactobezoars are a type of bezoar composed of undigested milk and mucus. The aetiology is likely multifactorial, being classically described in association with pre-term, low-birth weight infants fed with hyperconcentrated formula. The authors present a case of lactobezoar recurrence in a pre-term infant with oesophageal atresia.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presenting as a pseudotumour in a 5-year-old boy.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) is a rare, severe and atypical form of chronic pyelonephritis. It is characterised by destruction of the renal parenchyma and replacement with a chronic inflammatory infiltrate and lipid-laden macrophages resulting in a non-functional kidney. The authors report a case of a 5-year-old boy presented with a history of abdominal pain, malaise, anorexia and weight loss for 2 months.