Global atmospheric methane uptake by upland tree woody surfaces.

Methane is an important greenhouse gas, but the role of trees in the methane budget remains uncertain. Although it has been shown that wetland and some upland trees can emit soil-derived methane at the stem base, it has also been suggested that upland trees can serve as a net sink for atmospheric methane. Here we examine in situ woody surface methane exchange of upland tropical, temperate and boreal forest trees.

Validation of digital image slides for diagnosis in cervico-vaginal cytology.

Objective: To test the diagnostic concordance between microscopic (MI) and digital (DG) observation of cervico-vaginal (CV) cytology in a validation study of the technique.

Methods: Five cytotechnologists (CT) reviewed 888 routine CV cytology cases from the Cervical Pathology Unit of our center over a 2-week period of time. The cases were first observed by MI and at the end of the day the cases were observed by DG.

Safety, Tolerability, and Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: Among the many consequences of loss of CFTR protein function, a significant reduction of the secretion of bicarbonate (HCO) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major pathogenic feature. Loss of HCO leads to abnormally low pH and impaired mucus clearance in airways and other exocrine organs, which suggests that NaHCO inhalation may be a low-cost, easily accessible therapy for CF.

Objective: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effects of inhaled aerosols of NaHCO solutions (4.

Evaluation of continuous constant current and continuous pulsed current in sweat induction for cystic fibrosis diagnosis.

Background: The sweat test (ST) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, little is known about sweat induction using different types of currents and waves. In this context, our objective was to develop a device to induce sweat and compare the use of continuous constant current (CCC) and continuous pulsed current (CPC) in individuals with CF and healthy controls.

Thirty Years of Sweat Chloride Testing at One Referral Center.

Objective: To conduct a descriptive analysis of the sweat test (ST), associating ST results with epidemiological data, (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) mutations and reasons to indicate the ST, as well as correlating sweat sodium and sweat chloride concentrations in subjects.

Methods: Retrospective survey and descriptive analysis of 5,721 ST at a university referral center.

Results: The inclusion of the subjects was based on clinical data related with cystic fibrosis (CF) phenotype.

Sweat test and cystic fibrosis: overview of test performance at public and private centers in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective:: The sweat test (ST) measures chloride levels in sweat and is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the reliability of a ST depends on their being performed by experienced technicians and in accordance with strict guidelines. Our aim was to evaluate how sweat stimulation, sweat collection, and chloride measurement are performed at 14 centers (9 public centers and 5 private centers) that routinely perform STs in the state of São Paulo, which has the highest frequency of CF in Brazil.

Quality of sweat test (ST) based on the proportion of sweat sodium (Na) and sweat chloride (Cl) as diagnostic parameter of cystic fibrosis: are we on the right way?

Background: To assess the quality of sweat test (ST) based on the proportion of sweat sodium and sweat chloride as diagnostic parameter of cystic fibrosis (CF).

Methods: A retrospective study of 5,721 sweat samples and subsequent descriptive analysis were carried out. The test was considered "of good quality" (correct) when: (i) sweat chloride was lower than 60 mEq/L, and sweat sodium was higher than sweat chloride; (ii) sweat chloride was higher than 60 mEq/L, and sweat sodium was lower than sweat chloride.

Pulsed direct and constant direct currents in the pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat chloride test.

Background: The classic sweat test (CST) is the golden standard for cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosis. Then, our aim was compare the production and volume of sweat, and side effects caused by pulsed direct current (PDC) and constant direct current (CDC). To determine the optimal stimulation time (ST) for the sweat collection.