Eagle Syndrome and Internal Carotid Artery Dissection: Description of Five Cases Treated in Two Italian Institutions and Review of the Literature.

Eagle syndrome is a rare pattern of symptoms (0.16% of the general population) due to the conflict with adjacent anatomical structures by an elongated styloid process or a calcified stylohyoid ligament; 2 variants of this condition have been described in the literature, classical and vascular. The classical form is caused by compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the surrounding structures from an abnormal stylohyoid apparatus, causing odynophagia and neck pain and is usually treated by an otorhinolaryngologist.

The postimplantation embryo differentially regulates endometrial gene expression and decidualization.

Transcriptomal changes in the uterine endometrium induced in response to the implanting embryo remain largely unknown. In this study, using Affymetrix mRNA expression microarray analysis, we identified genes differentially expressed in the murine endometrium in the presence or absence of the embryo. Compared with the pseudopregnant deciduoma induced by a mechanical stimulus in the absence of an embryo, approximately 1500 genes (753 up-regulated, 686 down-regulated; P < 0.

Telomerase deficiency impairs differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Expression of telomerase activity presumably is involved in maintaining self-replication and the undifferentiated state of stem cells. Adult mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) are multipotential cells capable of differentiating into a variety of lineage cell types, including adipocytes and chondrocytes. Here we show that the lacking telomerase of mMSC lose multipotency and the capacity to differentiate.