National Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years - National Immunization Survey-Teen, United States, 2023.

Based on safety and efficacy data, vaccinations are the best defense to protect persons and communities from serious vaccine-preventable diseases. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine vaccination of adolescents aged 11-12 years with three vaccines including tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine; quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine; and human papillomavirus vaccine. CDC analyzed data from the 2023 National Immunization Survey-Teen for 16,658 adolescents aged 13-17 years (born during January 2005-December 2010) to assess vaccination coverage in 2023, recent trends in coverage by birth year, and trends in coverage by eligibility for the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program and birth year.

Vaccine effectiveness against anal HPV among men who have sex with men aged 18-45 years attending sexual health clinics in three United States cities, 2018-2023.

Background: We assessed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness (VE) against anal HPV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 2018-2023.

Methods: Residual anal specimens from MSM without HIV ages 18-45 years were tested for HPV. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between vaccination (≥1 dose) and quadrivalent vaccine (4vHPV)-type prevalence adjusting for city, race/ethnicity, and non-vaccine-type HPV prevalence, stratified by age group (18-26, 27-45).

Increasing Access to Contraception: Examining Barriers and Facilitators of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception.

To identify barriers and facilitators related to reimbursement processes, device acquisition costs, stocking, and supply of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) from 27 jurisdictions (26 states/1 territory) participating in the Increasing Access to Contraception Learning Community from 2016 to 2018. A descriptive study using qualitative data collected through 27 semistructured key informant interviews was conducted during the final year of the learning community among all jurisdictional teams. Excerpts were extracted and coded by theme, then summarized as barriers or facilitators using implementation science methods.

Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years - National Immunization Survey-Teen, United States, 2022.

Three vaccines are routinely recommended for adolescents to prevent pertussis, meningococcal disease, and cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). CDC analyzed data from the 2022 National Immunization Survey-Teen for 16,043 adolescents aged 13-17 years to assess vaccination coverage. Birth cohort analyses were conducted to assess trends in vaccination coverage by age 13 years (i.

Explaining the Link Between Paternal Socioeconomic Position and Small for Gestational Age Birth: The Effect of Maternal Unhealthy Behaviors.

Objective: To determine the proportion of small for gestational age (weight < 10th percentile, SGA) births among fathers with lifelong low (compared to high) socioeconomic position (SEP) attributable to white and African-American women's unhealthy pregnancy-related behaviors.

Methods: Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methods were conducted on the Illinois transgenerational dataset of infants (1989-1991) and their Chicago-born parents (1956-1976) with appended US census income data. The neighborhood income of father's residence at the time of his birth and at the time of his infant's birth were used to estimate his lifetime SEP.

Buprenorphine use and setting type among reproductive-aged women self-reporting nonmedical prescription opioid use.

Introduction: Screening for opioid misuse and treatment for opioid use disorder are critical for reducing morbidity and mortality. We sought to understand the extent of self-reported past 30-day buprenorphine use in various settings among women of reproductive age with self-reported nonmedical prescription opioid use being assessed for substance use problems.

Methods: The study collected data from individuals being assessed for substance use problems using the Addiction Severity Index-Multimedia Version in 2018-2020.

Cardiac Arrest During Delivery Hospitalization : A Cohort Study.

Background: Estimates of cardiac arrest occurring during delivery guide evidence-based strategies to reduce pregnancy-related death.

Objective: To investigate rate of, maternal characteristics associated with, and survival after cardiac arrest during delivery hospitalization.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Maternal and neonatal risk-appropriate care: gaps, strategies, and areas for further research.

Risk-appropriate care is a strategy to improve perinatal health outcomes by providing care to pregnant persons and infants in facilities with the personnel and services capable of meeting their health needs. The Association of State and Territorial Health Officials hosted discussions among state health officials, health agency staff, and clinicians to advance risk-appropriate care. The discussions focused on neonatal levels of care, levels of maternal care, ancillary services utilized for care of both populations including transport and telemedicine, and issues affecting provision of care such as standardization of state policies or approaches, reimbursement for services, gaps in risk-appropriate care, and equity.

Risk Factors for Suffocation and Unexplained Causes of Infant Deaths.

Background: Observational studies have improved our understanding of the risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome, but separate examination of risk for sleep-related suffocation and unexplained infant deaths has been limited. We examined the association between unsafe infant sleep practices and sudden infant deaths (sleep-related suffocation and unexplained causes including sudden infant death syndrome).

Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study using 2016 to 2017 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data.

Levels of neonatal care among birth facilities in 20 states and other jurisdictions: CDC levels of care assessment tool (CDC LOCATe).

Objective: Describe discrepancies between facilities' self-reported level of neonatal care and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Levels of Care Assessment Tool (CDC LOCATe)-assessed level.

Study Design: CDC LOCATe data from 765 health facilities in the United States, including 17 states, one territory, one large multi-state hospital system, and one perinatal region within a state, was collected between 2016 and 2021 for this cross-sectional analysis.

Result: Among 721 facilities that self-reported level of neonatal care, 33.

Examining the Ratio of Obstetric Beds to Births, 2000-2019.

The number of U.S. births has been declining.

Use of a Learning Community to Expand Access to Contraception.

The Increasing Access to Contraception Learning Community was established to disseminate strategies and best practices to support 27 jurisdictions in the development of policies and programs to increase access to the full range of reversible contraceptives. We describe Learning Community activities and identify those that were most useful to participants. Although participation in Learning Community provided jurisdictional teams with structured activities such as virtual learning and peer networking opportunities, some teams struggled with full participation because of staffing turnover and shifts in priorities.

Summary of neonatal and maternal transport and reimbursement policies-a 5-year update.

Objective: To examine the number of states with neonatal and maternal transport and reimbursement policies in 2019, compared with 2014.

Study Design: We conducted a systematic review of web-based, publicly available information on neonatal and maternal transport policies for each state in 2019. Information was abstracted from rules, codes, licensure regulations, and planning and program documents, then summarized within two categories: transport and reimbursement policies.

Teen Birth Across Generations Among Non-Latino Whites and African-American Women: The Effect of Race and Neighborhood Income.

Objectives: To examine the extent to which lifelong neighborhood income modifies the generational association of teen birth among White and AA women in Cook County, IL.

Methods: Stratified and multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted on the Illinois transgenerational dataset of singleton births (1989-1991) to non-Latina White and AA mothers (born 1956-1976) with appended U.S.

Changes in rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in the United States, 2019-2020.

Objective: Our objective was to assess differences in pregnancy outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the previous year.

Study Design: In a cross-sectional study of delivery hospitalizations in the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release, we assessed differences in selected maternal and pregnancy outcomes occurring April-December in 2019 and 2020 in the United States.

Result: Among 663,620 deliveries occurring in 2019 and 614,093 deliveries occurring in 2020, we observed an increase in in-hospital maternal death from 2019 to 2020, which was no longer statistically significant after excluding deliveries with a COVID-19 diagnosis.

Illness severity indicators in newborns by COVID-19 status in the United States, March-December 2020.

Objective: To better understand COVID-19 in newborns, we compared in-hospital illness severity indicators by COVID-19 status during birth hospitalization.

Study Design: In a retrospective cohort of newborns born March-December 2020 in the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release, we classified COVID-19 status and severe illness indicators using ICD-CM-10 codes, laboratory data, and billing records. Illness severity indicators were compared by COVID-19 status, stratified by gestational age and race/ethnicity.

Hypertension at delivery hospitalization - United States, 2016-2017.

In this study, hospital discharge data from the 2016-2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project were analyzed to describe national and, where data were available, state-specific prevalences of chronic hypertension and pregnancy-associated hypertension at delivery hospitalization. In 2016-2017, the prevalence of chronic hypertension was 216 per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations nationwide, ranging from 125 to 400 per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations in individual states. The prevalence of pregnancy-associated hypertension was 1021 per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations nationwide, ranging from 693 to 1382 per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations in individual states.

Increasing Access to Contraception in the United States: Assessing Achievement and Sustainability.

During October 2016 through May 2018, a learning community was convened to focus on policies and programs to increase access to the full range of contraceptive options for women of reproductive age. The Increasing Access to Contraception (IAC) Learning Community included 27 jurisdictions, with teams from each jurisdiction consisting of state health department leaders, program staff, and provider champions. At the kick-off meeting, teams from each jurisdiction created action plans that outlined their goals.

Seven years later: state neonatal risk-appropriate care policy consistency with the 2012 American Academy of Pediatrics Policy.

Objective: To assess consistency of state neonatal risk-appropriate care policies with the 2012 AAP policy seven years post-publication.

Study Design: Systematic, web-based review of all publicly available 2019 state neonatal levels of care policies. Information on infant risk (gestational age, birth weight), technology and equipment capabilities, and availability of specialty staffing used to define neonatal levels of care was extracted for review.

Underlying Medical Conditions Associated With Severe COVID-19 Illness Among Children.

Importance: Information on underlying conditions and severe COVID-19 illness among children is limited.

Objective: To examine the risk of severe COVID-19 illness among children associated with underlying medical conditions and medical complexity.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study included patients aged 18 years and younger with International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification code U07.

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, Maternal Complications, and Severe Illness Among US Delivery Hospitalizations With and Without a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Diagnosis.

Background: Evidence on risk for adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among pregnant women is still emerging. We examined the association between COVID-19 at delivery and adverse pregnancy outcomes, maternal complications, and severe illness, and whether these associations differ by race/ethnicity, and describe discharge status by COVID-19 diagnosis and maternal complications.

Methods: Data from 703 hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database during March-September 2020 were included.