Effects of genetic knockdown of the serotonin transporter on established L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and gene expression in hemiparkinsonian rats.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder typified by the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) leading to motor symptoms including resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and postural instability. DA replacement therapy with levodopa (L-DOPA) remains the gold-standard treatment for the motor symptoms of PD. Unfortunately, chronic use of L-DOPA leads to the development of side effects known as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID).

The effects of L-DOPA on gait abnormalities in a unilateral 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by dopamine (DA) cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). As PD progresses, patients display disruptions in gait such as changes in posture, bradykinesia, and shortened stride. DA replacement via L-DOPA alleviates many PD symptoms, though its effects on gait are not well demonstrated.

Broad Serotonergic Actions of Vortioxetine as a Promising Avenue for the Treatment of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms that result from loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) cells. While L-DOPA provides symptom alleviation, its chronic use often results in the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Evidence suggests that neuroplasticity within the serotonin (5-HT) system contributes to LID onset, persistence, and severity.

The multimodal serotonin compound Vilazodone alone, but not combined with the glutamate antagonist Amantadine, reduces l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian rats.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative movement disorder caused by loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons. DA replacement therapy using L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) improves motor function but often results in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) typified by abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). In states of DA depletion, striatal serotonin (5-HT) hyperinnervation and glutamate overactivity are implicated in LID.

The effects of Vilazodone, YL-0919 and Vortioxetine in hemiparkinsonian rats.

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease often characterized by motor deficits and most commonly treated with dopamine replacement therapy. Despite its benefits, chronic use of L-DOPA results in abnormal involuntary movements known as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Growing evidence shows that with burgeoning dopamine cell loss, neuroplasticity in the serotonin system leads to the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia through the unregulated uptake, conversion, and release of L-DOPA-derived dopamine into the striatum.