Longitudinal Study Involving Obesity in Women and Bariatric Surgery: An Electromyographic Approach to the Masseter and Temporal Muscles.

This longitudinal study was aimed to evaluate the electromyographic activity (EMG) of the masticatory muscles during mandibular tasks in women with grade II and III obesity, who were eligible for bariatric surgery. Twenty-one patients were followed up for 3 and 6 months after the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The EMG included analyses of the masseter and temporalis muscles during rest, right and left laterality, protrusion, and dental clenching at maximal voluntary contraction with and without parafilm.

Combined exercise training decreases blood pressure in OLDER women with polymorphism providing changes in differentially methylated regions (DMRs).

The mechanisms by which the ageing process is associated to an unhealthy lifestyle and how they play an essential role in the aetiology of systemic arterial hypertension have not yet been completely elucidated. Our objective is to investigate the influence of NOS3 polymorphisms [-786T > C and (Glu298Asp)] on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response, differentially methylated regions (DMRs), and physical fitness of adult and older women after a 14-week combined training intervention. The combined training was carried out for 14 weeks, performed 3 times a week, totalling 180 minutes weekly.

Association between the relative abundance of phyla actinobacteria, vitamin C consumption, and DNA methylation of genes linked to immune response pathways.

Introduction: There is an emerging body of evidence that vitamin C consumption can modulate microbiota abundance and can also impact DNA methylation in the host, and this could be a link between diet, microbiota, and immune response. The objective of this study was to evaluate common CpG sites associated with both vitamin C and microbiota phyla abundance.

Methods: Six healthy women participated in this cohort study.

14-Week exercise training modifies the DNA methylation levels at gene sites in non-Alzheimer's disease women aged 50 to 70 years.

Exercise training emerges as a key strategy in lifestyle modification, capable of reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to risk factors such as age, family history, genetics and low level of education associated with AD. We aim to analyze the effect of a 14-week combined exercise training (CT) on the methylation of genes associated with AD in non-alzheimer's disease women. CT sessions lasted 60 min, occurring three times a week for 14 weeks.

The influence of serum selenium in differential epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of CPT1B gene in women with obesity.

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of obesity has become a major health problem worldwide. The causes of obesity are multifactorial and could be influenced by dietary patterns and genetic factors. Obesity has been associated with a decrease in micronutrient intake and consequently decreased blood concentrations.

Optimising blood glucose control with portioned meal box in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a randomised control trial.

Background: The impact of dietary factors on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well established. However, the effectiveness of transforming portion control into a practical innovation for glycaemic control in T2DM has not yet been established for counselling in nutrition. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of general counselling in nutrition (GCN) and a portioned meal box (PMB) on fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body composition.

Eight Weeks of Physical Training Decreases 2 Years of DNA Methylation Age of Sedentary Women.

: The acceleration of epigenetic age is a predictor of mortality and contributes to the increase in chronic diseases. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is a strategy to reduce epigenetic age. The present study aimed to determine whether eight weeks of combined (aerobic and strength) training (CT) can influence the epigenetic age of women between 50 and 70 years old and the differences in sites and methylated regions.

Older postmenopausal women with lower lean mass have hypermethylated sites in the PI3K-Akt pathway.

The decrease in lean mass is directly related to the loss of independence, muscle strength, and worse quality of life over the years. Although the genetic determinants of muscle mass were well recognized, recent literature has been uncovering new epigenetic factors affecting the state of muscular tissue. This study aimed to verify differences in the DNA methylation profile among Brazilian postmenopausal women aged 50-70 years according to the lean mass evaluation.

Efficacy of the argon plasma coagulation in patients with weight regain after gastric bypass: a randomized control trial.

Endoscopic procedure using argon plasma coagulation (APC) promotes a progressive reduction in gastrojejunal anastomosis diameter. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the APC in patients with weight regain in the postoperative periods of gastric bypass. This was a randomized controlled trial conducted with 66 patients who were randomly assigned selected (using lottery method) and divided into two groups: study group (SG), 38 patients (APC treatment); and control group (CG), 28 patients (only endoscopy procedure).

14-weeks combined exercise epigenetically modulated 118 genes of menopausal women with prediabetes.

Background: Pre-diabetes precedes Diabetes Mellitus (DM) disease and is a critical period for hyperglycemia treatment, especially for menopausal women, considering all metabolic alterations due to hormonal changes. Recently, the literature has demonstrated the role of physical exercise in epigenetic reprogramming to modulate the gene expression patterns of metabolic conditions, such as hyperglycemia, and prevent DM development. In the present study, we hypothesized that physical exercise training could modify the epigenetic patterns of women with poor glycemic control.

Can the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaires Differentiate the and Gene Polymorphisms?-An Exploratory Study with Brazilian Athletes.

This study investigated the ability of the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ-BR), full and brief versions, to differentiate genetic profiles regarding the polymorphisms of the CYP1A2 (rs 762551) and ADORA2A (rs 5751876) genes in a cohort of Brazilian athletes. One-hundred and fifty participants were genotyped for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A. After the recruitment and selection phase, 71 (90% male and 10% female, regular caffeine consumers) completed the CaffEQ-BR questionnaires and a self-report online questionnaire concerning sociodemographic data, general health status, and frequency of caffeine consumption.

Food and Nutrition Public Policies in Brazil: From Malnutrition to Obesity.

"Nutrition transition" describes the shifts in dietary consumption and energy expenditure influenced by economic, demographic, and epidemiological changes at a population level. This phenomenon has been associated with rising obesity rates worldwide, especially in developed countries. In Brazil, the historical analysis of temporal trends between malnutrition and obesity characterized the nutrition transition in the country and interweaved it with the formulation and implementation of public food and nutrition policies.

Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies.

Obesity is directly connected to lifestyle and has been associated with DNA methylation changes that may cause alterations in the adipogenesis and lipid storage processes contributing to the development of the disease. We demonstrate a complete protocol from selection to epigenetic data analysis of patients with and without obesity. All steps from the protocol were tested and validated in a pilot study.

Corrigendum: Novel Zinc-Related Differentially Methylated Regions in Leukocytes of Women With and Without Obesity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.

Novel Zinc-Related Differentially Methylated Regions in Leukocytes of Women With and Without Obesity.

Introduction: Nutriepigenetic markers are predictive responses associated with changes in "surrounding" environmental conditions of humans, which may influence metabolic diseases. Although rich in calories, Western diets could be linked with the deficiency of micronutrients, resulting in the downstream of epigenetic and metabolic effects and consequently in obesity. Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient associated with distinct biological roles in human health.

Evaluation of Stomatognathic System Parameters After Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate electromyographic activity, bite strength, and masticatory muscle thickness in women without obesity and with severe obesity elected for bariatric surgery. Also, patients with obesity underwent bariatric surgery and were re-evaluated 3 and 6 months after surgery to analyze the influence of bariatric surgery outcomes on the stomatognathic system, a functional anatomical system comprising teeth, jaw, and associated soft tissues.

Material And Methods: Thirty-seven women were enrolled in the study.

Differential Expression of MMP2 and TIMP2 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their endogenous inhibitor, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP), are expressed in many different cell types and play an important role in physiologic and pathological degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Starting from these observations and considering the activation state of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in obesity, we investigated the gene expression of metalloproteinases before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYBG). The study was performed in the Ribeirão Preto Medical School University Hospital.

The Impact of Gastric Bypass on Telomere Length and Shelterin Complex Gene Expression: 6 Months Prospective Study.

Background: Telomeres are structures located at the ends of chromosomes associated with a protein complex, known as the shelterin complex. In individuals with obesity, excess adipose tissue plays a key role in inducing a chronic and systemic inflammatory state, which can cause TL shortening. In this context, bariatric surgery is one of the most effective treatment modalities in improving metabolic control.

Bariatric surgery can acutely modulate ER-stress and inflammation on subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-diabetic patients with obesity.

Background: Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), is the most effective and durable treatment option for severe obesity. The mechanisms involving adipose tissue may be important to explain the effects of surgery.

Methods: We aimed to identify the genetic signatures of adipose tissue in patients undergoing RYGB.

Analysis of Body Composition and Pain Intensity in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain Secondary to Endometriosis.

Objective:  To determine the average body composition (percentage of body fat), the anthropometric markers, and the intensity of clinical pain in women with a clinical diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) secondary to endometriosis.

Methods:  A case-control study performed with 91 women, 46 of whom with CPP secondary to endometriosis and 45 of whom with CPP secondary to other causes. They underwent an evaluation of the anthropometric parameters by means of the body mass index (BMI), the perimeters (waist, abdomen, hip), and the percentage of body fat (%BF), which were assessed on a body composition monitor by bioimpedance; the intensity of the clinical pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the symptoms of anxiety and depression, using the hospital's anxiety and depression scale (HAD).

Nutritional genomics, inflammation and obesity.

The Human Genome Project has significantly broadened our understanding of the molecular aspects regulating the homeostasis and the pathophysiology of different clinical conditions. Consequently, the field of nutrition has been strongly influenced by such improvements in knowledge - especially for determining how nutrients act at the molecular level in different conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In this manner, characterizing how the genome influences the diet and vice-versa provides insights about the molecular mechanisms involved in chronic inflammation-related diseases.

The effects of short-term combined exercise training on telomere length in obese women: a prospective, interventional study.

Background: Telomere length is inversely associated with the senescence and aging process. Parallelly, obesity can promote telomere shortening. Evidence suggests that physical activity may promote telomere elongation.