Predictors of CPAP failure after less-invasive surfactant administration in preterm infants.

Introduction: Less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is associated with better respiratory outcomes in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. However, mechanical ventilation (MV) shortly after the LISA procedure has been related to lower survival. This study aimed to analyze the trends and main predictors of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) failure after LISA.

Bioactive peptides in preterm human milk: Impact of maternal characteristics and their association to neonatal outcomes.

Human milk adipokines in term babies seem partially determined by maternal factors and affect infant's development. We aimed to describe bioactive peptide concentration in very preterm human milk and associations to maternal characteristics and postnatal growth. Mothers delivering ≤32 weeks of gestation and their infant/s were recruited.

Influence of maternal and perinatal factors on macronutrient content of very preterm human milk during the first weeks after birth.

Objective: To identify changes in macronutrient content of very preterm human milk associated with perinatal factors.

Study Design: Milk macronutrients were measured on weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8 with mid-infrared transmission spectrometers.

Result: We assessed 625 samples (from 117 mothers and 130 very preterm infants).

Lung Ultrasound in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Patterns and Predictors in Very Preterm Infants.

Introduction: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is useful for respiratory management in very preterm infants (VPI), but little is known about the echographic patterns in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the relation between the image findings, and the severity of the disease and its long-term outcomes. We aimed to describe LUS patterns in BPD and analyze the accuracy of LUS to predict the need for respiratory support at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) in VPI.

Methods: Preterm infants ≤30.

Lung ultrasound for early surfactant treatment: Development and validation of a predictive model.

Aim: To develop and validate a feasible predictive model for early surfactant treatment in very preterm infants (VPI) admitted with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Methods: Preterm infants less than 32 weeks of gestation with RDS and stabilized with noninvasive ventilation in delivery room were recruited (January 2018-April 2020). Clinical data, chest X-ray (CXR) score, respiratory support, oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (SF ratio), lung ultrasound (LUS) score, and diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF) were recorded at 60-120 min of life.

Infrared analyzers for the measurement of breastmilk macronutrient content in the clinical setting.

Introduction: There is growing interest in the possibility of measuring the macronutrient content of human milk. Several studies that intend to validate commercially available human milk analyzers have been published with inconsistent results. This review will focus on currently available, verified methodologies for analyzing macronutrients in human milk.

Plasma Metabolome Alterations Associated with Extrauterine Growth Restriction.

Very preterm infants (VPI, born at or before 32 weeks of gestation) are at risk of adverse health outcomes, from which they might be partially protected with appropriate postnatal nutrition and growth. Metabolic processes or biochemical markers associated to extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) have not been identified. We applied untargeted metabolomics to plasma samples of VPI with adequate weight for gestational age at birth and with different growth trajectories (29 well-grown, 22 EUGR) at the time of hospital discharge.

Reply: "It is Time for a Universal Nutrition Policy in Very Preterm Neonates during the Neonatal Period? Comment on: Applying Methods for Postnatal Growth Assessment in the Clinical Setting: Evaluation in a Longitudinal Cohort of Very Preterm Infants 2019, , 2772".

We would like to thank Gounaris et al [...

Applying Methods for Postnatal Growth Assessment in the Clinical Setting: Evaluation in a Longitudinal Cohort of Very Preterm Infants.

Aim: To analyze different methods to assess postnatal growth in a cohort of very premature infants (VPI) in a clinical setting and identify potential early markers of growth failure.

Methods: Study of growth determinants in VPI (≤32 weeks) during hospital stay. Nutritional intakes and clinical evolution were recorded.

Asymptomatic late thrombocytosis is a common finding in very preterm infants even in the absence of erythropoietin treatment.

Objectives: Thrombocytosis is more prevalent in pediatric than in adult patients and is associated with complications or worsened outcomes after vascular events. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of thrombocytosis in very preterm infants who had not received human recombinant erythropoietin treatment (rHuEPO) and its relationship with other hematological parameters and clinical complications.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of hematological and clinical data of very preterm infants who were admitted to our unit in their first 48 hours of life and stayed for longer than 1 week.