The development and application of a novel hazard scoring tool for assessing impacts of cosmetic ingredients on aquatic ecosystems: A case study of rinse-off cosmetics.

The cosmetic industry has been committed to promoting less hazardous products to reduce the environmental impacts of cosmetic ingredients. This requires identifying safer cosmetic ingredients for developing cosmetic formulations that are less harmful to the environment. However, one of the challenges in developing eco-friendly cosmetics relies on integrating all environmental hazard (EH) information of cosmetic ingredients to select the most eco-friendly ones (i.

In vitro evaluation of the inhalation toxicity of the cosmetic ingredient aluminum chlorohydrate.

Aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) is a major aerosol component frequently used as the active ingredient in antiperspirants, and in vivo studies have raised a concern about its inhalation toxicity. Still, few studies have addressed its effects on the human respiratory tract. Therefore, we developed a study on ACH inhalation toxicity using an in vitro human alveolar cell model (A549 cells) with molecular and cellular markers of oxidative stress, immunotoxicity, and epigenetic changes.

Modulation of Photoaging-Induced Cutaneous Elastin: Evaluation of Gene and Protein Expression of Markers Related to Elastogenesis Under Different Photoexposure Conditions.

Introduction: Photoaging is the process by which ultraviolet rays gradually induce clinical and histological changes in the skin through the production and organization of biological molecules, such as elastin, which is critical to skin strength and elasticity. After exposure to radiation, elastin may undergo alternative mRNA splicing, resulting in modified proteins that contribute to the formation of aging characteristics, such as solar elastosis. The present work aimed to study two different forms of elastin under these conditions: normal elastin and elastin that had been altered in exon 26A.

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation is effective against SARS-CoV-2 in contaminated makeup powder and lipstick.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is mainly transmitted by airborne droplets generated by infected individuals. Since this and many other pathogens are able to remain viable on inert surfaces for extended periods of time, contaminated surfaces play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 fomite transmission. Cosmetic products are destined to be applied on infection-sensitive sites, such as the lips and eyelids.

Revisiting the effects of menopause on the skin: Functional changes, clinical studies, in vitro models and therapeutic alternatives.

Menopause is a stage in a woman's life characterized by twelve months of amenorrhoea. This transition happens due to changes in ovarian follicular activity, leading to endocrine, biological and clinical modifications. The main hormones related to these changes and symptoms are oestradiol, LH, FSH, AMH, Inhibin B and GnRH.

Unraveling the molecular and cellular mechanisms of stretch marks.

Background: Striae distensae, commonly known as stretch marks, are cutaneous lesions that accompany the hormonal upheavals of the major stages of life: puberty and pregnancy. Stretch marks occur in 90% of women, and they appear as red or purple lines that slowly fade to pale lines on the skin. There have been few studies regarding stretch mark origins, and new preventive and corrective treatments are needed.

The inhibition of adipogenesis via an in vitro assay can reduce animal use by more precisely estimating the starting dose for the acute toxic class method.

In the present work, we established an adipogenesis inhibition assay as an adequate and sensitive in vitro model for reducing animal use by estimating the starting dose for the acute toxic class (ATC) method. First, human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) underwent adipogenic differentiation induction for 14 days. Then, by high-content imaging analysis, we determined the percentage and area of cell differentiation that we considered suitable for negative and positive internal control according to the quality control criteria strictly standardized mean difference (SSMD) and robust SSMD.

In vivo study of dermal collagen of striae distensae by confocal Raman spectroscopy.

This research work mainly deals with studying qualitatively the changes in the dermal collagen of two forms of striae distensae (SD) namely striae rubrae (SR) and striae albae (SA) when compared to normal skin (NS) using confocal Raman spectroscopy. The methodology includes an in vivo human skin study for the comparison of confocal Raman spectra of dermis region of SR, SA, and NS by supervised multivariate analysis using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to determine qualitatively the changes in dermal collagen. These groups are further analyzed for the extent of hydration of dermal collagen by studying the changes in the water content bound to it.

Active ingredients against human epidermal aging.

The decisive role of the epidermis in maintaining body homeostasis prompted studies to evaluate the changes in epidermal structure and functionality over the lifetime. This development, along with the identification of molecular mechanisms of epidermal signaling, maintenance, and differentiation, points to a need for new therapeutic alternatives to treat and prevent skin aging. In addition to recovering age- and sun-compromised functions, proper treatment of the epidermis has important esthetic implications.

Triple nanoemulsion potentiates the effects of topical treatments with microencapsulated retinol and modulates biological processes related to skin aging.

Background: The sum of environmental and genetic factors affects the appearance and function of the skin as it ages. The identification of molecular changes that take place during skin aging provides biomarkers and possible targets for therapeutic intervention. Retinoic acid in different formulations has emerged as an alternative to prevent and repair age-related skin damage.

Artificial skin in perspective: concepts and applications.

Skin, the largest organ of the human body, is organized into an elaborate layered structure consisting mainly of the outermost epidermis and the underlying dermis. A subcutaneous adipose-storing hypodermis layer and various appendages such as hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels are also present in the skin. These multiple components of the skin ensure survival by carrying out critical functions such as protection, thermoregulation, excretion, absorption, metabolic functions, sensation, evaporation management, and aesthetics.

RECK-mediated inhibition of glioma migration and invasion.

RECK is an anti-tumoral gene whose activity has been associated with its inhibitory effects regulating MMP-2, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP. RECK level decreases as gliobastoma progresses, varying from less invasive grade II gliomas to very invasive human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Since RECK expression and glioma invasiveness show an inverse correlation, the aim of the present study is to investigate whether RECK expression would inhibit glioma invasive behavior.

Higher expression and activity of metalloproteinases in human cervical carcinoma cell lines is associated with HPV presence.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP are required for basement membrane degradation in cervical carcinoma. We evaluated the expression and activity of MMPs and their inhibitors RECK and TIMP-2 in 3 human invasive cervical carcinoma cell lines. Two HPV16-positive cell lines (SiHa and CaSki) and an HPV-negative cell line (C33A) were cultured either onto a type-I collagen gel, Matrigel, or plastic, to recreate their three-dimensional growth environment and evaluate the expression of these genes using quantitative real-time PCR.

Downregulation of the RECK-tumor and metastasis suppressor gene in glioma invasiveness.

Invasive behavior is the pathological hallmark of malignant gliomas, being responsible for the failure of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential for proper ECM remodeling and invasion. The tumor and metastasis suppressor RECK protein regulates at least three members of the MMPs family: MMP-2, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP.