Symptomatic vulvar mucinous cyst: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Vulvar mucinous cysts are rare, benign, noninvasive masses. They can be mistaken for cysts of Bartholin gland, Skene gland, vestibular, or canal of Nuck. Generally, they may be left untreated, but observed.

Symptomatic Epidermoid Cyst Presenting as a Paravaginal Mass.

Background: Ischioanal fossa epidermoid cysts are uncommon masses of epithelial origin and are believed to be either congenital or the result of trauma. Surgical excision is preferred as opposed to incision and drainage because these masses may enlarge, recur, become infected, or undergo malignant transformation.

Case: This report describes a case of a 62-year-old woman who presented for evaluation of vaginal and perineal discomfort and fullness.

Complete procidentia: temporizing treatment with an obstetric balloon.

Background: Pelvic organ incarceration resulting from complete uterovaginal prolapse is rare. Unique management and treatment of this condition are presented.

Case: A 66-year-old multigravid woman presented with increasing abdominal pain, 1-day history of urinary retention, and 30-day history of obstipation.

Considerations to improve the evidence-based use of vaginal hysterectomy in benign gynecology.

Vaginal hysterectomy fulfills the evidence-based requirements as the preferred route of hysterectomy for benign gynecologic disease. Despite proven safety and effectiveness, the vaginal approach for hysterectomy has been and remains underused in surgical practice. Factors associated with underuse of vaginal hysterectomy include challenges during residency training, decreasing case numbers among practicing gynecologists, and lack of awareness of evidence supporting vaginal hysterectomy.

Clinical findings associated with bladder trabeculations in women.

Introduction And Hypothesis: This study evaluated whether bladder trabeculations are associated with advanced prolapse, urinary urgency, or detrusor overactivity among women undergoing office cystoscopy. It is well established that bladder trabeculations are associated with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in men; however, the clinical significance of trabeculations in women is unclear. Whereas an analogous relationship has been proposed between prostatic obstruction in men and advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in women, little data in the medical literature supports this theory.

Two-/three-dimensional transperineal sonography of complicated tape and mesh implants.

Transperineal sonography (TPS) affords dynamic evaluation of suburethral slings using tensionless vaginal tape and mesh implants used to treat complications associated with surgical procedures of the pelvic floor. This review describes and illustrates the TPS findings in postoperative complications such as recurrent prolapse, cystocele, enterocele, and rectocele. The potential use of live 3-dimensional TPS to delineate the dynamics aspects of pelvic floor disorder is also mentioned.

Factors associated with exposure of transvaginally placed polypropylene mesh for pelvic organ prolapse.

Introduction And Hypothesis: This study evaluates potential risk factors for mesh exposure following transvaginal placement of polypropylene mesh for pelvic organ prolapse requiring reoperation.

Methods: We performed a case-control study. Cases had mesh exposure requiring surgical revision; controls had no mesh exposures and were chosen for similar surgical date and type of mesh.

Anterior, posterior and apical vaginal reconstruction with and without bolsters.

Pelvic-organ-prolapse repair presents unique challenges to the pelvic surgeon. Historically, the unacceptable failure rates with traditional procedures have instigated the many conceptual and technique changes. Critical analysis of the biomechanics of normal and altered anatomy has shifted the primary focus of surgeries from the midline of the distal vagina to the interspinous diameter.

Using improved technology for filter paper-based blood collection to survey wild Sika deer for antibodies to hepatitis E virus.

Recent reports from Japan implicated wild Sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E to humans. Seroprevalence studies were performed to determine if imported feral populations of Sika deer in Maryland and Virginia posed a similar risk of transmitting hepatitis E virus (HEV). Hunters collected blood on filter paper discs from freshly killed deer.