INTRAVITREAL ANTIVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION SECONDARY TO OCULAR HISTOPLASMOSIS: Ten-Year Follow-Up.

Purpose: To assess the long-term efficacy of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections (IVI), alone or in combination with verteporfin photodynamic therapy (IVI/PDT), for management of choroidal neovascularization secondary to presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS).

Methods: Retrospective, comparative, interventional case series analyzing 82 eyes in 74 patients treated with either IVI or IVI/PDT for presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome choroidal neovascularization from January 2006 to January 2021.

Results: The average logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution VA in year 5 was 0.

Simulation Platform Development for Diabetes and Technology Self-Management.

Background: Specialized education is critical for optimal insulin pump use but is not widely utilized or accessible. We aimed to (1) test the usability and acceptability of A1Control, a simulation platform supporting insulin pump education, and (2) determine predictors of performance.

Method: Rural adult insulin pump users with type 1 diabetes (T1D) participated in a mixed methods usability study in 2 separate rounds.

ANGIOGRAPHIC SMOKESTACK LEAKAGE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY.

Purpose: To report a series of cases with smokestack leakage on fundus fluorescein angiography outside the clinical setting of central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods: A multicenter, observational retrospective case series evaluating fundus fluorescein angiography on Topcon and Optos systems.

Results: Seven patients with neovascularization due to ischemic retinopathy demonstrated a unique smokestack pattern of angiographic leakage.

Ocular Adverse Events following Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Metastatic Malignancies.

Purpose: To report the clinical features, severity, and management of ocular immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for metastatic malignancies.

Methods: Retrospective chart review at three tertiary ophthalmology clinics. Electronic medical records were reviewed between 2000 and 2017 for patients with new ocular symptoms while undergoing checkpoint inhibition therapy.

Permanent retinal injury from recreational laser pointer.

This case report was performed to display the visually significant damage to the retina that can occur with brief exposure to a handheld laser pointer. Laser use in the military is ever increasing in form of target designators, rangefinders, or radar warning systems with powers far greater than used in this case. There is great potential for future cases of retinal damage among active duty members, and the importance of prevention through laser safety programs and recognition through trained medical personnel is paramount.

Gene expression profiling reveals similarities between the in vitro and in vivo responses of immune effector cells to IFN-alpha.

Purpose: The precise molecular targets of IFN-alpha therapy in the context of malignant melanoma are unknown but seem to involve signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 signal transduction within host immune effector cells. We hypothesized that the in vitro transcriptional response of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to IFN-alpha would be similar to the in vivo response to treatment with high-dose IFN-alpha.

Experimental Design: The gene expression profiles of PBMCs and immune cell subsets treated in vitro with IFN-alpha were evaluated, as were PBMCs obtained from melanoma patients receiving adjuvant IFN-alpha.

IFN-alpha-2b-induced signal transduction and gene regulation in patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells is not enhanced by a dose increase from 5 to 10 megaunits/m2.

Purpose: The precise molecular targets of IFN-alpha therapy of melanoma are unknown but likely involve signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 signal transduction within host immune effector cells. We hypothesized that intermediate and high doses of IFN-alpha would be equally effective in activating patient immune cells.

Experimental Design: Eleven metastatic melanoma patients who were enrolled in a clinical trial of bevacizumab in combination with escalating doses of IFN-alpha-2b (5 megaunits/m(2) and then 10 megaunits/m(2)) were included in the study.