Sex Differences in Energy Metabolism: A Female-Oriented Discussion.

The purpose of this review is to delineate aspects of energy metabolism at rest and during exercise that may be subject to sex differences and the potential underlying mechanisms involved. It focuses on distinct aspects of female physiology with an oriented discussion following the reproductive life stages of healthy, eumenorrheic females, including premenopausal time frames, pregnancy, perimenopause, and menopause. Finally, this review aims to address methodological challenges surrounding sexual dimorphism in energy metabolism investigations and confounding factors in this field.

The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome.

Unlabelled: Adults with Down syndrome are an underserved population at high risk for a host of different pathologies from aging and lack of activity.

Purpose: To examine the effects of a 10-week resistance training program on measures of motor behavior, cognitive function, mood, and physical fitness.

Methods: Participants ( = 11) were men and women clinically diagnosed with Down syndrome (age: 25.

Arousal/Stress Effects of "Overwatch" eSports Game Competition in Collegiate Gamers.

Kraemer, WJ, Caldwell, LK, Post, EM, Beeler, MK, Emerson, A, Volek, JS, Maresh, CM, Fogt, JS, Fogt, N, Häkkinen, K, Newton, RU, Lopez, P, Sanchez, BN, and Onate, JA. Arousal/stress effects of "Overwatch" eSports game competition in collegiate gamers. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2671-2675, 2022-To date, no physical response data are available for one of the most popular eSport games, Overwatch .

Insulin-like growth factor-I biocompartmentalization across blood, interstitial fluid and muscle, before and after 3 months of chronic resistance exercise.

This investigation examined the influence of 12-week ballistic resistance training programs on the IGF-I system in circulation, interstitial fluid, and skeletal muscle, at rest and in response to acute exercise. Seventeen college-aged subjects (11 women/6 men; 21.7 ± 3.

Acute Floatation-REST Improves Perceived Recovery After a High-Intensity Resistance Exercise Stress in Trained Men.

Purpose: The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether a 1-h floatation-restricted environmental stimulation therapy (floatation-REST) session could augment recovery from high-intensity resistance exercise (6 × 10 back squats, 2-min rest) known to induce significant metabolic, adrenergic, and mechanical stress.

Methods: Eleven healthy resistance-trained males (age, 22.5 ± 2.

Role of nurses in managing menstrual health using mobile tracking.

Mobile technologies provide a unique opportunity to improve menstrual health awareness, management, and care. Nurses should consider incorporating a mobile tracking component into patient-care settings to promote menstrual health awareness and advocacy and to help create individualized healthcare plans.

Acute Effects of High-intensity Resistance Exercise on Cognitive Function.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of an acute bout of high-intensity resistance exercise on measures of cognitive function. Ten men (Mean ± SD: age = 24.4 ± 3.

Hormonal stress responses of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in highly resistance trained women and men.

The purpose of this study was to examine the responses of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGFI) to intense heavy resistance exercise in highly trained men and women to determine what sex-dependent responses may exist. Subjects were highly resistance trained men (N = 8, Mean ± SD; age, yrs., 21 ± 1, height, cm, 175.

Short term heat acclimation reduces heat strain during a first, but not second, consecutive exercise-heat exposure.

Objectives: Determine whether five days of heat acclimation reduces cardiovascular and thermoregulatory strain during consecutive exercise-heat exposures on the sixth day in the heat.

Design: Pair-matched randomized control trial.

Methods: Twenty-four males completed two, 120min exercise sessions (Session 1, Session 2) in a single day before (Day 1) and after (Day 6) four additional days of exercise in either hot (HOT: 40°C, 40% relative humidity, n=16) or temperate (CON: 23°C, 25% relative humidity, n=8) environments.

Differences in brain structure and theta burst stimulation-induced plasticity implicate the corticomotor system in loss of function after musculoskeletal injury.

Traumatic musculoskeletal injury (MSI) may involve changes in corticomotor structure and function, but direct evidence is needed. To determine the corticomotor basis of MSI, we examined interactions among skeletomotor function, corticospinal excitability, corticomotor structure (cortical thickness and white matter microstructure), and intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS)-induced plasticity. Nine women with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACL) 3.

Effects of cold water immersion on circulating inflammatory markers at the Kona Ironman World Championship.

Cold water immersion (CWI) purportedly reduces inflammation and improves muscle recovery after exercise, yet its effectiveness in specific contexts (ultraendurance) remains unclear. Thus, our aim was to study hematological profiles, systemic inflammation, and muscle damage responses to a specific post-race CWI (vs. control) during recovery after the Ironman World Championship, a culmination of ∼100 000 athletes competing in global qualifying Ironman events each year.

Body Composition in Elite Strongman Competitors.

Kraemer, WJ, Caldwell, LK, Post, EM, DuPont, WH, Martini, ER, Ratamess, NA, Szivak, TK, Shurley, JP, Beeler, MK, Volek, JS, Maresh, CM, Todd, JS, Walrod, BJ, Hyde, PN, Fairman, C, and Best, TM. Body composition in elite strongman competitors. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3326-3330, 2020-The purpose of this descriptive investigation was to characterize a group of elite strongman competitors to document the body composition of this unique population of strength athletes.

Recovery using "float" from high intensity stress on growth hormone-like molecules in resistance trained men.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a novel "floatation-restricted environmental stimulation therapy" (floatation-REST) on growth hormone responses to an intense resistance exercise stress.

Design: Nine resistance trained men (age: 23.4 ± 2.

Resistance Training and Milk-Substitution Enhance Body Composition and Bone Health in Adolescent Girls.

Increased soft-drink consumption has contributed to poor calcium intake with 90% of adolescent girls consuming less than the RDA for calcium. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the independent and additive effects of two interventions (milk and resistance training) on nutrient adequacy, body composition, and bone health in adolescent girls. The experimental design consisted of four experimental groups of adolescent girls 14-17 years of age: (1) Milk + resistance training [MRT];  = 15; (2) Resistance training only [RT];  = 15; (3) Milk only [M]  = 20; (4) Control [C]  = 16.

A Pre-Workout Supplement of Ketone Salts, Caffeine, and Amino Acids Improves High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Keto-Naïve and Keto-Adapted Individuals.

Acute ingestion of ketone supplements alters metabolism and potentially exercise performance. No studies to date have evaluated the impact of co-ingestion of ketone salts with caffeine and amino acids on high intensity exercise performance, and no data exists in Keto-Adapted individuals. We tested the performance and metabolic effects of a pre-workout supplement containing beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) salts, caffeine, and amino acids (KCA) in recreationally-active adults habitually consuming a mixed diet (Keto-Naïve; n = 12) or a ketogenic diet (Keto-Adapted; n = 12).

Acute Kidney Injury Biomarker Responses to Short-Term Heat Acclimation.

The combination of hyperthermia, dehydration, and strenuous exercise can result in severe reductions in kidney function, potentially leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). We sought to determine whether six days of heat acclimation (HA) mitigates the rise in clinical biomarkers of AKI during strenuous exercise in the heat. Twenty men completed two consecutive 2 h bouts of high-intensity exercise in either hot ( = 12, 40 °C, 40% relative humidity) or mild ( = 8, 24 °C, 21% relative humidity) environments before (PreHA) and after (PostHA) 4 days of 90-120 min of exercise per day in a hot or mild environment.

Exacerbated heat strain during consecutive days of repeated exercise sessions in heat.

Objectives: An exercise session in a hot environment may increase thermal strain during subsequent exercise sessions on the same and consecutive days. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine lasting physiological strain from moderate-high intensity, intermittent exercise in heat on subsequent exercise.

Design: Repeated measures laboratory study.

Changes of Hydration Measures in Elite National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Wrestlers.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in the state of hydration in elite National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college wrestlers during and after a season.

Methods: Ohio State University wrestling team members (N = 6; mean [SD] age = 19.6 [1.

Extended Ketogenic Diet and Physical Training Intervention in Military Personnel.

Introduction: Ketogenic diets (KDs) that elevate ketones into a range referred to as nutritional ketosis represent a possible nutrition approach to address the emerging physical readiness and obesity challenge in the military. An emerging body of evidence demonstrates broad-spectrum health benefits attributed to being in nutritional ketosis, but no studies have specifically explored the use of a KD in a military population using daily ketone monitoring to personalize the diet prescription.

Materials And Methods: To evaluate the feasibility, metabolic, and performance responses of an extended duration KD, healthy adults (n = 29) from various military branches participated in a supervised 12-wk exercise training program.

Intermittent exercise-heat exposures and intense physical activity sustain heat acclimation adaptations.

Objectives: To determine if intermittent exercise-heat exposures (IHE) every fifth day sustain heat acclimation (HA) adaptations 25 days after initial HA.

Design: Randomized control trial.

Methods: Sixteen non-heat acclimatized men heat acclimated during 10-11 days of exercise in the heat (40°C, 40% RH).

Paradox of hypercholesterolaemia in highly trained, keto-adapted athletes.

Objective: A growing number of ultra-endurance athletes have switched to a very low-carbohydrate/high-fat eating pattern. We compared markers of cholesterol and the lipoprotein profile in a group of elite ultra-runners consuming a high-carbohydrate (HC) or low-carbohydrate (LC) diet.

Methods: Fasting blood was obtained from competitive male ultra-endurance runners habitually consuming a very low-carbohydrate (LC; n=10) or high-carbohydrate (HC; n=10) diet to determine blood cholesterol profile, lipoprotein particle distribution and sterol biomarkers of cholesterol balance.

Evidence of the Exercise-Hypogonadal Male Condition at the 2011 Kona Ironman World Championships.

Purpose: Prior research has illustrated that high volumes of aerobic exercise result in a reduction in basal concentrations of testosterone in men. Those studies were mostly conducted on recreational runners and identified reduced testosterone, but not concentrations low enough to be considered pathological. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the basal concentrations of testosterone and cortisol in elite triathletes, as well as the impact of a World Championship race, on the acute responses of these hormones.

Influence of cold-water immersion on recovery of elite triathletes following the ironman world championship.

Objectives: Cold water immersion (CWI) has been widely used for enhancing athlete recovery though its use following an Ironman triathlon has never been examined. The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of CWI immediately following an Ironman triathlon on markers of muscle damage, inflammation and muscle soreness.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Adrenal Stress and Physical Performance During Military Survival Training.

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to evaluate neuroendocrine and physical performance responses in sailors and Marines undergoing U.S. Navy Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) training.