Evaluation of a workshop to improve residents' patient-centred obesity counselling skills.

Background: Primary care physicians are being asked to counsel their patients on obesity and weight management. Few physicians conduct weight loss counselling citing barriers, among them a lack of training and confidence. Our objective was to pilot test the effectiveness of a 3-h interactive obesity-counselling workshop for resident physicians based on motivational interviewing (MI) techniques.

Child development and pediatric sport and recreational injuries by age.

Context: In 2010, 8.6 million children were treated for unintentional injuries in American emergency departments. Child engagement in sports and recreation offers many health benefits but also exposure to injury risks.

Unintentional injury among low-income 5-year-olds with chronic health conditions.

Background: Growing numbers of children suffer from chronic health conditions, and initial evidence suggests chronic illness may be associated with increased child injury risk. We examined injury risk among 5-year-olds with and without chronic health conditions.

Methods: Data from a diverse US sample of 7954 low-income 5-year-olds participating in the National Head Start/Public School Early Childhood Transition Demonstration Study were analysed.

How do mothers and fathers influence pediatric injury risk in middle childhood?

Objectives: Parental influences are among the strongest behavioral correlates to unintentional injury outcome in early childhood, but are less well understood as children develop. We implemented a prospective research design to study how parenting style, parent-child relationships, and parental mental health influence injury during middle childhood. We also considered the roles of parent and child gender.

Injury risk in children with asthma.

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic illness in American children. Injury is the most common acute medical condition and also the leading cause of mortality. Previous research examining possible links between pediatric asthma and injury is inconclusive.

Brief report: unintentional injury risk among children with sensory impairments.

Objective: Pediatric injuries result from a multifaceted process involving a range of individual, interpersonal, and environmental influences. One risk that remains poorly understood is the role of children's perception and perceptual disabilities.

Methods: Injury counts (parent-report of injuries requiring professional medical treatment over the past year) in three groups of children were compared: those without vision or hearing sensory impairments, those with deficits who use eyeglasses or hearing aids, and those with deficits who do not use aids as recommended.

Language acculturation and pediatric injury risk.

The number of immigrant children in the US continues to grow rapidly, but pediatric immigrant health remains a poorly understood domain. Previous research suggests immigrant children have reduced risk for injury, but the reason for that finding remains unknown. One leading hypothesis is cultural-less acculturated children in the United States appear to be protected from injury-but the combined influence of immigrant status and acculturation is unclear.

Chronic maternal depression and children's injury risk.

Objective: A substantial number of mothers of young children suffer from depression. One understudied consequence of maternal depression is how it affects toddlers' injury risk. This study examined links between chronic maternal depression and child injury.

Nocturnal awakenings and pediatric injury risk.

Objective: This study was designed to examine relations between nocturnal awakenings and unintentional injury risk among toddlers.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of 799 children was followed longitudinally from birth through 36 months. Patterns of nocturnal awakening were assessed by parent-report at ages 6, 15, 24 and 36 months, and injury events were reported at quarterly intervals over the same time period.

Does time spent in child care influence risk for unintentional injury?

Objective: To investigate the effect of quantity and quality of early child care on children's risk for unintentional injury.

Methods: A diverse cohort of 1,225 children was recruited from several sites in the United States and followed from birth until first grade. Quantity and quality of child care from birth until entry into kindergarten were used to predict unintentional injuries from age 6 months until first grade.

Injury risk among children of low-income U.S.-born and immigrant mothers.

The number of immigrants in the United States is at an all time high, yet psychologists have largely ignored the domain of immigrant health. This article considers 1 aspect of immigrant health, risk for pediatric injury. A sample of over 5,000 5-year-old children from impoverished families was studied; approximately 13% had immigrant mothers.

Interactions between child behavior patterns and parenting: implications for children's unintentional injury risk.

Objectives: Two factors were considered as predictors of children's risk for unintentional injury: (a) children's temperamentally difficult behavior patterns and (b) parenting. Along with hypotheses to replicate previous univariate effects, it was hypothesized that active, involved parents with sufficient time resources might reduce injury risk among temperamentally at-risk children.

Methods: Study 1 used a retrospective design with a diverse sample of over 10,000 5-year-olds.

The role of fathers in toddlers' unintentional injury risk.

Objectives: Previous work suggests that maternal parenting and supervision reduces risk for children's unintentional injuries, but very little research has examined the role of fathers in children's unintentional injury risk. The role of fathers in protecting children from unintentional injury was considered.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal design predicted injury risk in 181 toddlers from the ages of 6 to 36 months.