Administration and patient-incurred costs associated with opioid agonist treatment in Norway.

Objectives: Opioid use disorder is associated with high rates of mortality and has become an escalating global health issue. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) with oral methadone or daily sublingual buprenorphine hydrochloride, either administered separately or in combination with naloxone hydrochloride (SL-BPN, SL-BPN/NX), is supervised by a healthcare professional experienced in treating opioid use disorder to ensure proper dosing and prevent misuse. For that reason, there may be substantial direct and indirect costs associated with OAT.

The comparative efficacy of brodalumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the relative efficacy of brodalumab compared with approved biologic therapies and apremilast for moderate-to-severe psoriasis.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials reporting induction phase responses. The primary analysis examined the proportion of patients achieving Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) 50, 75, 90, or 100 responses using a random-effects Bayesian multinomial likelihood model with probit link, with and without adjustment for variation in study-level placebo responses.

The health watch case-control study of leukemia and benzene: the story so far.

A case-control study nested in the Health Watch cohort of petroleum industry workers, investigated whether the excess of lymphohematopoetic cancers, identified among male members of the Health Watch cohort, was associated with benzene exposure. Cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 31), multiple myeloma (n = 15), and leukemia (n = 33) were identified between 1981 and 1999. Cases were age-matched to five controls.

Obesity and undernutrition in sub-Saharan African immigrant and refugee children in Victoria, Australia.

The study assessed the anthropometric status of 337 sub-Saharan African children aged between 3-12 years who migrated to Australia. These children were selected using a snowball sampling method stratified by age, gender and region of origin. The prevalence rates for overweight and obesity were 18.

Two important exceptions to the relationship between energy density and fat content: foods with reduced-fat claims and high-fat vegetable-based dishes.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that many foods with reduced-fat (RF) claims are relatively energy-dense and that high-fat (HF) vegetable-based dishes are relatively energy-dilute.

Design: Nutrient data were collected from available foods in Melbourne supermarkets that had an RF claim and a full-fat (FF) equivalent. Nutrient analyses were also conducted on recipes for HF vegetable-based dishes that had more than 30% energy from fat but less than 10% from saturated fat.

.VO2 is attenuated above the lactate threshold in endurance-trained runners.

Purpose: To determine whether a deviation from linearity occurs in the .VO2-speed relationship, above the lactate threshold (LT) in running; and whether the length of the submaximal exercise bouts alters the magnitude of any deviation.

Methods: Ten endurance-trained runners (N = 3 state level, N = 4 club level, and N = 3 recreational) (mean +/- SE; age 24.

Decreasing dietary sodium while following a self-selected potassium-rich diet reduces blood pressure.

Reducing dietary sodium reduces blood pressure (BP), a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but few studies have specifically examined the effect on BP of altering dietary sodium in the context of a high potassium diet. This randomized, crossover study compared BP values in volunteer subjects self-selecting food intake and consuming low levels of sodium (Na+; 50 mmol/d) with those consuming high levels of sodium (> or =120 mmol/d), in the context of a diet rich in potassium (K+). Sodium supplementation (NaSp) produced the difference in Na+ intake.

Leukemia risk associated with low-level benzene exposure.

Background: Men who were part of an Australian petroleum industry cohort had previously been found to have an excess of lympho-hematopoietic cancer. Occupational benzene exposure is a possible cause of this excess.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study of lympho-hematopoietic cancer nested within the existing cohort study to examine the role of benzene exposure.

Relationship between body mass index and the use of healthcare services in Australia.

Objective: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the use of medical and preventive health services.

Research Methods And Procedures: This study involved secondary analysis of weighted data from the Australian 1995 National Health Survey. The study was a population survey designed to obtain national benchmark information about a range of health-related issues.

Foods prepared outside the home: association with selected nutrients and body mass index in adult Australians.

Objective: To determine the proportion of energy from foods prepared outside the home (FPOH) and the relationships with energy and nutrient intakes and body mass index (BMI).

Design: A nutrition survey of a representative sample of the Australian population aged 18 years and over Measure used was a 24-hour dietary recall. Underreporters (energy intake/estimated basal metabolic rate (EI/BMR) <0.