Myeloid translocation gene CBFA2T3 directs a relapse gene program and determines patient-specific outcomes in AML.

CBFA2T3 is a master transcriptional coregulator in hematopoiesis. In this study, we report novel functions of CBFA2T3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse. CBFA2T3 regulates cell-fate genes to establish gene expression signatures associated with leukemia stem cell (LSC) transformation and relapse.

Oolong Tea Extract Induces DNA Damage and Cleavage and Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Growth and Tumorigenesis.

Background/aim: Breast cancer is the most prevalent and devastating malignant disease among women worldwide. Green tea has been extensively studied for its anti-cancer effects, however, existing literature on the correlation of other types of tea with breast cancer is very limited.

Materials And Methods: We used six different breast cancer cell lines (ER, PR or HER2 and triple-negative), treated under different concentrations of green, oolong, black and dark tea extracts, and determined their biological effects.

Fludarabine-resistance associates with ceramide metabolism and leukemia stem cell development in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Fludarabine (flu) -containing regimens such as flu, cyclophosphamide and rituximab have been established as one of the standard first line therapy in medically-fit chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Therefore, flu-refractory (primary flu-insensitivity or flu-caused relapse) remains a major problem causing treatment failure for CLL patients. We isolated the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CLL patients and treated with flu to find flu-refractory cases, and established flu-resistant clonal cells to study molecular mechanism of flu-resistance.

Acute myeloid leukemia induction with cladribine: Outcomes by age and leukemia risk.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induction traditionally includes seven days of cytarabine and three days of an anthracycline (7 + 3). Because of evidence of increased efficacy of cladribine combined with this regimen, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 107 AML patients treated with idarubicin, cytarabine and cladribine (IAC) at our institution. Complete remission (CR) occurred in 71%, with overall response of 79%.

Correction: Gaussian decomposition of high-resolution melt curve derivatives for measuring genome-editing efficiency.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Gaussian decomposition of high-resolution melt curve derivatives for measuring genome-editing efficiency.

We describe a method for measuring genome editing efficiency from in silico analysis of high-resolution melt curve data. The melt curve data derived from amplicons of genome-edited or unmodified target sites were processed to remove the background fluorescent signal emanating from free fluorophore and then corrected for temperature-dependent quenching of fluorescence of double-stranded DNA-bound fluorophore. Corrected data were normalized and numerically differentiated to obtain the first derivatives of the melt curves.

Efficacy and Toxicity of Induction Therapy with Cladribine, Idarubicin, and Cytarabine (IAC) for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

We report our single-center experience with cytarabine and idarubicin for induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an additional 5 days of cladribine (IAC therapy). From July 2012 to September 2014, 38 patients completed a full course of IAC induction. Median patient age was 61 years, 61% of patients were ≥60 years old, and 71% were male.

Non-Homologous End Joining and Homology Directed DNA Repair Frequency of Double-Stranded Breaks Introduced by Genome Editing Reagents.

Genome editing using transcription-activator like effector nucleases or RNA guided nucleases allows one to precisely engineer desired changes within a given target sequence. The genome editing reagents introduce double stranded breaks (DSBs) at the target site which can then undergo DNA repair by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology directed recombination (HDR) when a template DNA molecule is available. NHEJ repair results in indel mutations at the target site.

Signaling regulation and role of filamin A cleavage in Ca2+-stimulated migration of androgen receptor-deficient prostate cancer cells.

Ca2+, a ubiquitous cellular signal, and filamin A, an actin-binding protein, play an important role in the regulation of cell adhesion, shape and motility. Using transwell filters to analyze cell migration, we found that extracellular Ca2+ (Cao2+) promotes the migration of androgen receptor (AR)-deficient and highly metastatic prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC-3) compared to AR-positive and relatively less metastatic prostate cancer cells (LNCaP). Furthermore, we found that expression of filamin A is up-regulated in DU145 and PC-3 cells, and that Cao2+ significantly induces the cleavage of filamin A.

Lipid metabolism, apoptosis and cancer therapy.

Lipid metabolism is regulated by multiple signaling pathways, and generates a variety of bioactive lipid molecules. These bioactive lipid molecules known as signaling molecules, such as fatty acid, eicosanoids, diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophophatidic acid, ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol-3 phosphate, and cholesterol, are involved in the activation or regulation of different signaling pathways. Lipid metabolism participates in the regulation of many cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, inflammation, motility, membrane homeostasis, chemotherapy response, and drug resistance.

Targeting cholesterol synthesis increases chemoimmuno-sensitivity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.

Background: Cholesterol plays an important role in cancer development, drug resistance and chemoimmuno-sensitivity. Statins, cholesterol lowering drugs, can induce apoptosis, but also negatively interfere with CD-20 and rituximab-mediated activity. Our goal is to identify the alternative targets that could reduce cholesterol levels but do not interfere with CD-20 in chemo immunotherapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Cervical neuroendocrine tumor in a young female with Lynch Syndrome.

Neuroendocrine tumors rarely occur in the cervix or other components of the reproductive system. These tumors have been associated with microsatellite instability, are very aggressive and often associated with poor outcome. Lynch syndrome is an inherited cancer syndrome that has also been associated with microsatellite instability.

Lung cancer screening: from imaging to biomarker.

Despite several decades of intensive effort to improve the imaging techniques for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, primary lung cancer is still the number one cause of cancer death in the United States and worldwide. The major causes of this high mortality rate are distant metastasis evident at diagnosis and ineffective treatment for locally advanced disease. Indeed, approximately forty percent of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients have distant metastasis.

Gemcitabine and cisplatin-induced tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with gallbladder carcinoma: A case report.

We report a case of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in a patient with gallbladder carcinoma. TLS has not been reported in association with this type of tumor. TLS typically occurs in cases of highly proliferative hematological malignancies and small cell carcinoma.

Insight into Sweet's syndrome and associated-malignancy: a review of the current literature.

Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is an infrequent skin disease characterized by sudden onset of fever, leucocytosis and erythematous plaques or nodules infiltrated by neutrophils. There are three main clinical settings in which Sweet's syndrome has been described: classical or idiopathic Sweet's syndrome, malignancy-associated Sweet's syndrome and drug-induced Sweet's syndrome. Classical Sweet's is often preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection and may be associated with inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy.

Iron deficiency anemia related to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: response to treatment with bevacizumab.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare autosomal dominant condition associated with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or telangiectasias of the pulmonary, gastrointestinal or hepatic circulations. The authors present a case of a 52-year-old woman with a known diagnosis of HHT who presented for evaluation of anemia. She had an extensive history of iron sucrose infusions, frequent blood transfusions and hospitalizations for anemia related to gastrointestinal bleeding and epistaxis.

Plasma microRNAs as novel biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer.

A diagnosis of lung cancer at its early stages is vital for improving the survival rate of patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a family of 19- to 25-nucleotide non-coding small RNAs, are frequently dysregulated in lung cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of circulating miRNAs for early detection of lung cancer.

Postoperative bleeding in an elderly patient from acquired factor V inhibitor: rapid response to immunosuppressive therapy.

Acquired factor V inhibitor is a rare but potentially life-threatening hemorrhagic disorder caused by the development of autoantibodies directed against coagulation factor V. The management of acute bleeding and inhibitor eradication is the mainstay of the treatment. The authors report a case of a 79-year-old man who underwent right hip arthroplasty and postoperatively, when on Coumadin for deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis, developed bleeding from the surgical site with a hematoma and abnormal coagulation parameters.