Video monitoring of smear-taking at colposcopy: relationship to cytology.

Objective: To investigate the reasons why cervical smears occasionally fail to reflect the underlying pathology in the cervix even when the smear is taken at colposcopy.

Design: A randomised study of three different smear-taking devices.

Setting: A colposcopy clinic.

Endometriosis arising during estrogen and testosterone treatment 17 years after abdominal hysterectomy: a case report.

Objective: To report the possible association between the use of oestrogen replacement therapy and endometriosis in a postmenopausal woman.

Methods: We present a case of a postmenopausal, previously hysterectomised, woman who received hormonal replacement therapy and developed a large broad ligament cyst. Two years prior to her presentation she had been complaining of pelvic pain and deep dyspareunia.

Measurement of Brn-3a levels in Pap smears provides a novel diagnostic marker for the detection of cervical neoplasia.

Objectives: We have previously demonstrated that Brn-3a cellular transcription factor activates transcription of the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncogenes in human cervical cancer cells and that Brn-3a levels are dramatically elevated in biopsies from women with high-grade cervical neoplasia. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between Brn-3a levels in Pap smears and the histological diagnoses. We also analysed whether Brn-3a levels can be used in combination with Pap smear to predict the presence of cervical intraepithelial lesion.

Triage by HPV-DNA testing: is it useful in women with persistent minor smear abnormalities?

Background: This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of HPV-DNA (Human Papilloma Virus) testing as a triage strategy for persistent borderline and mild cytological abnormalities.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study involving 321 women registered between January and December 2001 with two smears showing borderline or mild dyskaryosis, taken 6 months apart. This study was undertaken in a colposcopy unit in a large district general hospital in central London.

Visualization techniques (colposcopy, direct visual inspection, and spectroscopic and other visual methods). Summary of task force 7.

Visual screening techniques include both low-technology approaches, such as direct visual inspection (DVI), and high-technology approaches, such as those that utilize electrooptical detectors to identify cervical cancer precursors and invasive cervical cancer. Simple visual screening techniques, such as DVI, consist of washing the cervix with a solution of 5% acetic acid (e.g.