Kinematic and kinetic analyses of the gait of horses wearing novel legwear for variably limiting extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint.

Objective: To investigate the effects of novel legwear designed to limit metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) extension and redirect loading forces from the flexor apparatus through analyses of 2-D kinematic and kinetic data.

Animals: 6 adult horses without musculoskeletal disease.

Procedures: Horses were subjected to 4 treatments: control (no legwear), inactive legwear (unlimited legwear extension), and active legwear with mild (30°) and moderate (20°) legwear extension limitation.

Biomechanical and wearability testing of novel legwear for variably limiting extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint of horses.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of novel legwear designed to limit extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) to redirect loading forces from the flexor apparatus during walk, trot, and canter on a treadmill and during unrestrained and restrained activity in a stall.

Animals: 6 adult horses without musculoskeletal disease.

Procedures: Legwear-derived force data were recorded under 4 conditions: inactive state (unlimited legwear extension) and 3 active (restrictive) states (mild, 30° extension; moderate, 20° extension; or maximum, 10° extension).

Effect of Fatigue on Equine Metacarpophalangeal Joint Kinematics-A Single Horse Pilot Study.

The objective was to validate a scientific method for characterizing equine metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) motion in the nonfatigued and fatigued states using a single horse at trot, slow canter, and fast canter. One healthy Thoroughbred gelding exercised on a treadmill to exhaustion (fatigued state) (heart rate >190 BPM and blood lactate >10 mmol/L) while bilateral MCPJ angular data were acquired using electrogoniometry. Blood lactate and heart rate reflected transition from nonfatigued to fatigued states with increasing exercise duration and treadmill speed.

Three-dimensional kinematics of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint using x-ray reconstruction of moving morphology - a pilot study.

X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) uses biplanar videoradiography and computed tomography (CT) scanning to capture three-dimensional (3D) bone motion. In XROMM, morphologically accurate 3D bone models derived from CT are animated with motion from videoradiography, yielding a highly accurate and precise reconstruction of skeletal kinematics. We employ this motion analysis technique to characterize metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) motion in the absence and presence of protective legwear in a healthy pony.

Sustained volume retention in vivo with adipocyte and lipoaspirate seeded silk scaffolds.

Current approaches to soft tissue regeneration include the use of fat grafts, natural or synthetic biomaterials as filler materials. Fat grafts and natural biomaterials resorb too quickly to maintain tissue regeneration, while synthetic materials do not degrade or regenerate tissue. Here, we present a simple approach to volume stable filling of soft tissue defects.

Pararectal cystotomy for urolith removal in nine horses.

Objective: To report outcome of horses after standing pararectal cystotomy for removal of uroliths.

Study Design: Case series.

Animals: Horses (n=9) with cystic calculi.

Evaluation of technetium Tc 99m-labeled biotin for scintigraphic detection of soft tissue inflammation in horses.

Objective: To evaluate the use of technetium Tc 99m-labeled EDTA-biotin monomer ((99m)Tc-EB1) as a scintigraphic imaging agent for soft tissue inflammatory lesions in horses.

Animals: 6 healthy adult horses.

Procedures: First (phase 1), the agent's safety and blood-tissue clearance and an appropriate imaging protocol were determined in 6 horses.

Surgical management of small intestinal incarceration through the gastrosplenic ligament: 14 cases (1994-2006).

Objective: To determine prevalence, clinical findings, and long-term survival rate after surgery associated with incarceration of the small intestine through the gastrosplenic ligament (ISIGL) in horses.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 14 horses with ISIGL.

Use of bone morphogenetic proteins for augmentation of bone regeneration.

A large body of preclinical and clinical data now documents that recombinant BMPs can be used for skeletal regeneration in humans and animals. Recombinant human BMP-2 and BMP-7 have been approved for use in human patients with long-bone fractures and nonunions and in patients undergoing lumbar fusion or various maxillofacial and dental regenerative procedures. These products have also been made available for veterinary use.

Safety of, and biological and functional response to, a novel metallic implant for the management of focal full-thickness cartilage defects: Preliminary assessment in an animal model out to 1 year.

Focal full-thickness cartilage lesions of the human medial femoral condyle (MFC) can cause pain and functional impairment. Affected middle-aged patients respond unpredictably to existing treatments and knee arthroplasty may be required, prompting risk of revision. This study assesses the safety of, and biological and functional response to, a metallic resurfacing implant which may delay or obviate the need for traditional arthroplasty.

Occult subchondral osseous cyst-like lesions of the equine tarsocrural joint.

Objective: To report the clinical signs, diagnosis, management, and outcome of horses with occult sub-chondral osseous cyst-like lesions of the tarsocrural joint.

Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Twelve horses with subchondral osseous cyst-like lesions (SOCLs) in the tarsocrural joint.

Vascular-mineral spatial correlation in the calcifying turkey leg tendon.

Certain avian tendons are known to mineralize normally in a gender-related manner. These tendons have unique properties, as well as several features common to calcifying cartilage and bone in other vertebrate species. In cartilage and bone, mineralization has been associated with a vascular and microvascular origin, but such a relationship has not been established in the avian tendon.