Early Dry Eye Disease Onset in a NOD.H-2h4 Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome.

Purpose: To develop a mouse model of human dry eye disease (DED) for investigation of sex differences in autoimmune-associated dry eye pathology.

Methods: Ocular surface disease was assessed by quantifying corneal epithelial damage with lissamine green stain in the NOD.H-2h4,IFNγ-/-,CD28-/- (NOD.

Teprotumumab and Hearing Loss: Case Series and Proposal for Audiologic Monitoring.

Purpose: To present a protocol for audiologic monitoring in the setting of teprotumumab treatment of thyroid eye disease, motivated by 4 cases of significant hearing loss, and review the relevant literature.

Methods: Cases of hearing loss in the setting of teprotumumab were retrospectively elicited as part of a multi-institutional focus group, including oculoplastic surgeons, a neurotologist and an endocrinologist. A literature review was performed.

Probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Background: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a common condition causing excessive tearing in the first year of life. Infants present with excessive tearing or mucoid discharge from the eyes due to blockage of the nasolacrimal duct system, which can result in maceration of the skin of the eyelids and local infections, such as conjunctivitis, that may require antibiotics. The incidence of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in early childhood ranges from 5% to 20% and often resolves without surgery.

Spontaneous regression of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the orbit: A case report and review of literature.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare entity characterized by the presence of myofibroblasts and inflammatory cells within a fibrous stroma. It typically occurs in the pediatric population. The most common site of occurrence is the lung though it has been reported throughout the body.

Low-Cost 3D Printing Orbital Implant Templates in Secondary Orbital Reconstructions.

Purpose: Despite its increasing use in craniofacial reconstructions, three-dimensional (3D) printing of customized orbital implants has not been widely adopted. Limitations include the cost of 3D printers able to print in a biocompatible material suitable for implantation in the orbit and the breadth of available implant materials. The authors report the technique of low-cost 3D printing of orbital implant templates used in complex, often secondary, orbital reconstructions.

Aggressive esthesioneuroblastoma with divergent differentiation: A taxonomic dilemma.

The authors describe an esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma) that occurred within the nasal cavity and brain in a 31-year-old man. Following excision, the tumor recurred in the left orbit and in mediastinal lymph nodes. Treatment included orbital excision and systemic chemotherapy.

Low-Flow Arterialized Venous Malformations of the Orbit.

Purpose: Orbital vascular malformations are classified by their hemodynamic properties, either high or low flow. Low-flow lesions may be simple venous, lymphatic, or combined lymphaticovenous malformations. The authors report a series of cases in which predominantly low flow, venous lesions were unexpectedly noted to have arterial feeders.

Intraorbital granuloma annulare in an elderly patient.

Classically, granuloma annulare (GA) is a cutaneous disorder localized to the dorsum of the hands and/or feet in children and young adults. Very rarely it can present on the face and rarer still on periorbital structures such as the eyelid and orbital rim. Diagnosis hinges on clinical presentation and histological features, such as palisading granulomas with central destruction of collagen, presence of mucin and lymphohistiocytic infiltration.

Arteriovenous Malformation of the Eyelid: Surgical Management and Histologic Study.

A raised erythematous eyelid lesion that appeared in a 31-year-old man was diagnosed as an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), with confirmatory Doppler ultrasound demonstrating high arterial flow. Surgical excision, aided by electrocautery for extensive hemorrhage, resulted in an acceptable cosmetic result. Histopathology of the excised lesion showed collapsed capillary channels lined by endothelium.

Effect of upper eyelid myectomy on subsequent chemodenervation in the management of benign essential blepharospasm.

Purpose: Some patients with severe benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) become clinically refractory to chemodenervation with botulinum toxin. In these patients, surgical myectomy is an effective additive treatment for the management of this disabling condition. The purpose of this study is to determine how myectomy for BEB alters subsequent botulinum toxin administration.

Medial conjunctival resection for tearing associated with conjunctivochalasis.

Purpose: Conjunctivochalasis is an age-dependent redundancy or laxity of the conjunctiva. It may result in epiphora (tearing) through mechanical disruption of the normal tear flow or exacerbate dry eye symptoms by disruption of an already unstable tear film. In this study, the authors performed a retrospective analysis of the benefits of a simple medial conjunctival resection for tearing associated with conjunctivochalasis.

Ophthalmic manifestations of rheumatologic disease: diagnosis and management.

Rheumatologic diseases are often associated with ophthalmic findings. Familiarity with and recognition of these ophthalmic presentations are important in the management of both the systemic and ocular manifestations of the disease. Identification of ocular signs and symptoms of rheumatologic disease will allow a more comprehensive approach to treatment of patients with rheumatic conditions.

Bacterial transcytosis across conjunctival M cells.

Purpose: Antigen-sampling M cells have been identified in conjunctival tissue overlying lymphoid follicles in rabbits and guinea pigs. Conjunctival M cells in the guinea pig display alpha(2-3) sialic acid on their surfaces, as evinced by selective labeling by Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL)-I. Haemophilus influenzae strains OM12, which expresses the HMW1 adhesin for alpha(2-3) sialic acid, and Rd KW20, which lacks HMW1, were used to test the hypothesis that conjunctival M cells translocate large microbes.