Evidence for Immune Activation and Resistance to Glucocorticoids Following Childhood Maltreatment in Adolescents Without Psychopathology.

Early-life stress (ELS) increases the risk for psychopathology. Immune and endocrine changes have been reported in adults and are associated with maladaptation of stress-responsive systems. Here we investigated the effects of ELS on endocrine and immune pathways in adolescents without psychopathology.

Toll-like receptor expression and function in type I bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with immune imbalance and low-grade inflammation. The underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure but may involve changes in cell signaling. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are widely expressed by immune cells.

Effects of early adolescent environmental enrichment on cognitive dysfunction, prefrontal cortex development, and inflammatory cytokines after early life stress.

Early postnatal stress such as maternal separation causes cognitive dysfunction later in life, including working memory deficits that are largely mediated by the prefrontal cortex. Maternal separation in male rats also yields a loss of parvalbumin-containing prefrontal cortex interneurons in adolescence, which may occur via inflammatory or oxidative stress mechanisms. Environmental enrichment can prevent several effects of maternal separation; however, effects of enrichment on prefrontal cortex development are not well understood.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and soluble receptors in response to acute psychosocial stress: differential reactivity in bipolar disorder.

Mounting evidence suggests a chronic pro-inflammatory state in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Stress exposure is known to exacerbate several inflammatory conditions as well as psychiatric disorders. Here, we analyzed plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their soluble receptors to realistic acute psychosocial stress challenge in BD.

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome have decreased numbers of circulating CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg and CD3⁻CD19⁺ B cells.

Introduction: CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cell depletion has been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and, recently, in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS); the issue has not been studied in SLE patients with secondary APS (SLE/APS) so far.

Objective: To quantify total lymphocytes, Treg cells, CD3+CD19- T cells and CD3-CD19+ B cells in SLE/APS patients and healthy controls.

Methods: Cell subtypes underwent immunophenotyping using specific monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD3 CY5, anti-CD4 FITC, anti-CD25, anti-Foxp3, anti-CD19 PE) and flow cytometry.

Immunosenescence is associated with human cytomegalovirus and shortened telomeres in type I bipolar disorder.

Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with persistent low-grade inflammation and premature cell senescence, as shown by reduced telomere length (TL). The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) has increasingly been implicated in accelerated immunosenescence in aging studies. Here, we compared CMV serology and its relationships with cell senescence markers, including TL and lymphocyte subsets, in patients with type I BD and healthy controls.

Differential neuroendocrine and immune responses to acute psychosocial stress in women with type 1 bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with immune imbalance, including lymphocyte activation and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Immune activation is part of stress response, and psychosocial stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated the neuroendocrine and immune responses to acute psychosocial stress challenge in BD.

Decreased levels of circulating CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome.

Introduction: CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cell dysfunction has been documented in various autoimmune disorders, but not in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) so far.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we aim to investigate CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells, CD3(+)CD19(-) T cells and CD3(-)CD19(+) B cells in patients with primary APS and healthy controls. Cell subtypes were immunophenotyped using specific monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD3 CY5, anti-CD4 FITC, anti-CD25, anti-Foxp3, anti-CD19 PE) and flow cytometry.

Reduced regulatory T cells are associated with higher levels of Th1/TH17 cytokines and activated MAPK in type 1 bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with an immunologic imbalance shown by increased peripheral inflammatory markers. The underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon may include changes in circulating cells and differential activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Twenty-seven euthymic female subjects with BD type I (all medicated) and 24 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited in this study.