Early steps of insulin receptor signaling in chicken and rat: apparent refractoriness in chicken muscle.

The early steps of insulin receptor (IR) signaling (tyrosine phosphorylation of IR beta-subunit, IRS-1 and Shc and PI 3'-kinase activity) have been characterized in two target tissues in the chicken: liver and muscle. The signaling cascade appeared to depend on nutritional status in the liver, but not in muscle (with a possible exception for a minor tyrosine phosphorylation of the 52 kDa Shc isoform). In this study, we compared the responses of the liver and muscle to exogenous insulin (10 or 1000 mU/kg) in chickens and rats.

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent the defect of insulin receptor signaling in muscle.

A high-fat diet containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA: n-3 or n-6) given for 4 wk to 5-wk-old male Wistar rats induced a clear hyperglycemia (10.4 +/- 0.001 mmol/l for n-6 rats and 10.