Disparities in Urine Testing Among Febrile Children in US Emergency Departments.

Objective: To evaluate the association of race and ethnicity with urine testing for febrile children in the emergency department and to measure trends in urine testing from 2002 to 2021.

Study Design/methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of children aged 2-24 months with a recorded temperature of ≥ 38 °C who presented to an emergency department in the United States from 2002 to 2021 using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We assessed trends in urine testing stratified by sex, race, and ethnicity over two decades and performed univariate and multivariate analyses.