HYLAN G-F 20 VERSUS TRIAMCINOLONE IN THE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY SHOULDER OSTEOARTHRITIS. RANDOMIZED TRIAL.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using an intra-articular injection of hylan G-F 20 (HA group) on primary shoulder osteoarthritis compared with an intra-articular triamcinolone injection (T group).

Materials And Methods: The patients were randomized into 2 groups: in the HA group a single dose of intra-articular hylan G-F 20 was administered and in the T control group a dose of triamcinolone 20 mg was administered. The participants were evaluated at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure.

Supraspinatus Muscle Tendon Lesion and Its Relationship with Long Head of the Biceps Lesion.

 To identify the clinical, radiological, and arthroscopic correlation of long head of the biceps tendon injuries and their influence on pain when associated with rotator cuff injuries.  Between April and December 2013, 50 patients were evaluated, including 38 (76%) women and 12 (24%) men, with a mean age of 65.1 years old.

Rotator Cuff Tear Susceptibility Is Associated With Variants in Genes Involved in Tendon Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis.

Rotator cuff tears (RCT) is a multifactorial disease with genetic factors contributing for the disease etiology. We hypothesized that genetic variants in genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis may alter susceptibility to RCT. We evaluated 20 polymorphisms of genes involved in ECM homeostasis in 211 cases of full-thickness tears of the supraspinatus (N  = 130; N  = 81) and 567 age-matched controls (N  = 317; N  = 250).

Epigenetic regulation of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in rotator cuff tears.

Rotator cuff tear is a common orthopedic condition. Metalloproteinases (MMP) and their inhibitors (TIMP) seem to play a role in the development of joint injuries and in the failure of tissue healing. However, the mechanisms of regulation of gene expression in tendons are still unknown.

The roles of Tenascin C and Fibronectin 1 in adhesive capsulitis: a pilot gene expression study.

Objectives: We evaluated mRNA expression levels of genes that encode TGF-β1; the TGF-β1 receptor; the collagen-modifying enzymes LOX, PLOD1, and PLOD2; and the extracellular matrix proteins COMP, FN1, TNC and TNXB in synovial/capsule specimens from patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. Possible associations between the measured mRNA levels and clinical parameters were also investigated.

Methods: We obtained glenohumeral joint synovium/capsule specimens from 9 patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis who had not shown improvement in symptoms after 5 months of physiotherapy.

Differential expression of extracellular matrix genes in glenohumeral capsule of shoulder instability patients.

Anterior shoulder instability is a common orthopedic problem. After a traumatic shoulder dislocation, patients present a plastic deformation of the capsule. The shoulder instability biology remains poorly understood.

Partial rotator cuff injury in athletes: bursal or articular?

Unlabelled: A painful shoulder is a very common complaint among athletes, especially in the case of those in sports involving throwing. Partial lesions of the rotator cuff may be very painful and cause significant functional limitation to athletes' sports practice. The incidence of partial lesions of the cuff is variable (13-37%).

Evaluation of the results from arthroscopic surgical treatment of rotator cuff injuries in patients aged 65 years and over.

Objectives: To evaluate the results from arthroscopic surgical treatment of rotator cuff injuries in patients aged 65 years and over.

Methods: Between 1998 and 2009, 168 patients underwent operations. Five cases were excluded.

Expression analysis of genes involved in collagen cross-linking and its regulation in traumatic anterior shoulder instability.

The molecular alterations involved in the capsule deformation presented in shoulder instability patients are poorly understood. Increased TGFβ1 acts as a signal for production of matrix macromolecules by fibrogenic cells at joint injury sites. TGFβ1, through its receptor TGFβR1, regulates genes involved in collagen cross-linking, such as LOX, PLOD1, and PLOD2.

Rodeo athletes: management of shoulder instability.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe epidemiological data and evaluate the clinical results of traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability in rodeo athletes.

Methods: Thirteen patients, all male, with a mean age of 23.2 (18-31) years old, with anterior glenohumeral instability were include in this study.

Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in tendons from patients with rotator cuff tear.

Rotator cuff tear is one of the most common causes of shoulder dysfunction. Gene expression analysis may be a useful tool for understanding tendon tears and the failure of cuff healing, and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become an effective method for such studies. However, this technique requires the use of suitable reference genes for data normalization.

Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies of shoulder instability.

Shoulder instability is a common shoulder injury, and patients present with plastic deformation of the glenohumeral capsule. Gene expression analysis may be a useful tool for increasing the general understanding of capsule deformation, and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become an effective method for such studies. Although RT-qPCR is highly sensitive and specific, it requires the use of suitable reference genes for data normalization to guarantee meaningful and reproducible results.

The pectoralis major footprint: An anatomical study.

Objective: To study the insertion of the pectoralis major tendon to the humerus, through knowledge of its dimensions in the coronal and sagittal planes.

Methods: Twenty shoulders from 10 cadavers were dissected and the pectoralis major tendon insertion on the humerus was identified and isolated. The dimensions of its "footprint" (proximal to distal and medial to lateral borders) and the distance from the top edge of the pectoralis major tendon to apex of the humeral head structures were measured.

Clinical considerations for the surgical treatment of pectoralis major muscle ruptures based on 60 cases: a prospective study and literature review.

Background: Early recognition of the clinical signs of ruptures of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) in athletes by orthopaedic surgeons, physical therapists, and physical trainers may prove to be critical for patient access to surgical treatment while the injury is still in the acute phase.

Hypothesis: Total ruptures of the PMM may yield a better outcome with surgical treatment than with nonoperative treatment in athletes.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Anatomic study of the coracoid process: safety margin and practical implications.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to define a safety margin for coracoid process osteotomy that does not compromise the coracoclavicular ligaments and that can be used in the coracoid transfer procedures.

Methods: Thirty shoulders from 15 cadavers were dissected, exposing the coracoid process and attached anatomic structures. The distance of the insertion of these structures to the coracoid process apex was measured.

CALCIFYING TENDINOPATHY: A LOCAL OR A SYSTEMIC CONDITION?

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between cases of calcifying tendinopathy of the shoulder and symptomatic metabolic diseases such as kidney stones, gallstones and gout.

Methods: Calcifying tendinopathy of the shoulder was diagnosed in 63 patients between May 2007 and September 2011. All the patients were treated by the same orthopedic surgeon and were interviewed to gather the following data: age at diagnosis, sex, affected side, dominant side, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and previous histories of kidney stones, gallstones or gout.

ANALYSIS ON THE VARIATION OF MEDIAL ROTATION VALUES ACCORDING TO THE POSITION OF THE HUMERAL DIAPHYSIS.

Objective: To analyze the validity of measurements of medial rotation (MR) of the shoulder, using vertebral levels, according to the variation in the position of the humeral diaphysis, and to test the bi-goniometer as a new measuring instrument.

Methods: 140 shoulders (70 patients) were prospectively evaluated in cases presenting unilateral shoulder MR limitation. The vertebral level was evaluated by means of a visual scale and was correlated with the angle obtained according to the position of the humeral diaphysis, using the bi-goniometer developed with the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Mackenzie University.

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE-761) on the survival of fasciocutaneous flaps in rats.

Cutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps are used widely in the surgical reconstruction of various body segments, especially to cover exposed vital tissues. Partial or total necrosis of these flaps, secondary to insufficient tissue irrigation, is one possible complication. Therefore, investigations into antiplatelet aggregation, vasodilation and antioxidant properties are highly significant.

Introducing 3-dimensional stereoscopic imaging to the study of musculoskeletal anatomy.

The stereoscopic imaging technique is an option for a more realistic understanding of what we normally see in 2 dimensions on paper or on a screen. To produce a 3-dimensional image of an object, it is necessary to register 2 different images of the same object at the same distance and height with the use of cameras that focus on one particular point. A convergence between the left and right images is required for human vision.