High Glucose Promotes Inflammation and Weakens Placental Defenses against and Infection: Protective Role of Insulin and Metformin.

Placentas from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients undergo significant metabolic and immunologic adaptations due to hyperglycemia, which results in an exacerbated synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and an increased risk for infections. Insulin or metformin are clinically indicated for the treatment of GDM; however, there is limited information about the immunomodulatory activity of these drugs in the human placenta, especially in the context of maternal infections. Our objective was to study the role of insulin and metformin in the placental inflammatory response and innate defense against common etiopathological agents of pregnancy bacterial infections, such as and , in a hyperglycemic environment.

[Atypical preeclampsia: case report].

Background: Preeclampsia that occurs at < 20 weeks of gestation is rare and has been usually reported with molar or hydropic degeneration of the placenta and antiphospholipid syndrome.

Case Report: To describe the clinical presentation of atypical preeclampsia of a patient of 37 years old at her first gestation who developed this entity at 18.5 weeks of gestation.