Dual-action microparticles for ulcerative colitis: Cellulose nanofibers-enhanced delivery of 5-ASA and probiotics.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease initially treated with mesalazine (5-ASA). However, its effectiveness is limited by rapid absorption, low colonic concentration, and exacerbation of dysbiosis. Probiotics can mitigate dysbiosis if they survive the acidic conditions of the stomach.

Hydroxycinnamic Acid Extraction from Multiple Lignocellulosic Sources: Correlations with Substrate Composition and Taxonomy for Flavoring and Antioxidant Applications.

The extraction of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCADs) is a strategy for lignocellulosic biomass valorization due to their high value-added nature and the possibility of application as flavoring and antioxidants. This study proposes correlations between the composition and taxonomy of 28 globally available agro-industrial feedstocks with the production of HCADs using chemometric tools. Principal component analysis indicated strong correlations between ferulic acid release and hemicellulose type and content, especially in grass biomasses.

Postbiotic Effect of Escherichia coli CEC15 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on a Murine Model of 5-FU-induced Intestinal Mucositis.

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, can bring health benefits to the host. Most of these organisms are found naturally in the human gastrointestinal tract. Escherichia coli strains Nissle 1917 (EcN), and CEC15 have shown beneficial effects in murine models of intestinal inflammation, such as colitis and mucositis.

Mitigation of chemotherapy-induced experimental intestinal mucositis through postbiotic lactate.

Postbiotic lactate modulates the immune system in inflammatory bowel diseases. However, its role in experimental intestinal mucositis (IM) has not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lactate supplementation (1 and 2 × 10-1 mol/l) in a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced IM model.

Screening and validating the optimal panel of housekeeping genes for 4T1 breast carcinoma and metastasis studies in mice.

The 4T1 model is extensively employed in murine studies to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer. Molecular biology serves as a cornerstone in these investigations. However, accurate gene expression analyses necessitate data normalization employing housekeeping genes (HKGs) to avert spurious results.

Antimicrobial peptide LyeTx I mn∆K labeled with Ga is a potential PET radiopharmaceutical for molecular imaging of infections.

Background: Antimicrobial peptides have been radiolabeled and investigated as molecular diagnostic probes due to their propensity to accumulate in infectious sites rather than aseptic inflammatory lesions. LyeTx I is a cationic peptide from the venom of Lycosa erythrognatha, exhibiting significant antimicrobial activity. LyeTx I mn∆K is a shortened derivative of LyeTx I, with an optimized balance between antimicrobial and hemolytic activities.

Agricultural Pest Management: The Role of Microorganisms in Biopesticides and Soil Bioremediation.

Pesticide use in crops is a severe problem in some countries. Each country has its legislation for use, but they differ in the degree of tolerance for these broadly toxic products. Several synthetic pesticides can cause air, soil, and water pollution, contaminating the human food chain and other living beings.

The negative chronotropic effects of (±)-propranolol and (±)-4-NO-propranolol in the rat isolated right atrium are due to blockade of the 6-nitrodopamine receptor.

The positive chronotropic action induced by 6-nitrodopamine (6-ND) is selectively blocked by β-adrenoceptor antagonists at concentrations that do not affect the positive chronotropic effect induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Here, the effects of ( ±)-propranolol, ( ±)-4-NO-propranolol, and ( ±)-7-NO-propranolol were investigated in the rat isolated right atrium. The atrium was mounted in glass chambers containing gassed (95%O:5%CO) and warmed (37 °C) Krebs-Henseleit's solution, and the isometric tension registered (PowerLab system).

Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals in Ultralight Dark Matter.

Previous works have argued that future gravitational-wave detectors will be able to probe the properties of astrophysical environments where binaries coalesce, including accretion disks, but also dark matter structures. Most analyses have resorted to a Newtonian modeling of the environmental effects, which are not suited to study extreme-mass-ratio inspirals immersed in structures of ultralight bosons. In this Letter, we use relativistic perturbation theory to consistently study these systems in spherical symmetry.

Profile and Different Approaches for Size Characterization of Microplastics in Drinking Water from the Lisbon Water Supply System.

Microplastics (MPs) contribute to the overall pollution of water sources, affecting not only aquatic ecosystems but also water for human consumption (WHC). Currently, there needs to be a global consensus on safe levels of microplastics in WHC, which will allow regulatory efforts and risk assessments to be carried out. Therefore, this study aims to characterize MP particles in WHC of the Lisbon water supply system (LWSS) and compare two approaches to quantify these particles (length and width of the particles, and the area equivalent diameter (AED) of the particles).

Sociodemographic, Occupational, and Health Profile of Brazilian Housekeepers and House Cleaners-A Hypothesis-Generating Study.

For many women, house cleaning is an important way to participate in the labor market. In Brazil, there are 2 types of domestic workers: housekeepers have relatively secure employment and house cleaners are day laborers. The aim of this hypothesis-generating study was to describe the sociodemographic, occupational and health profile of a sample of domestic workers in Brazil.

Temporal dominance of Sensations: Do different concepts of "dominance" affect the results?

The purpose of this study was to understand the role of "dominance" definitions in the results of TDS applied to consumers. This study compared two temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) approaches - TDS-I - that attracts the most attention and TDS-II - most intense/strongest sensation - in the context of evaluating artisanal Minas cheeses from the Serra da Canastra and chocolate with different cocoa concentrations samples. TDS curves were constructed and a trajectory-based principal component analysis (PCA) was performed dominance rates at ten equally spaced time points.

Mid-pregnancy circulating cytokine levels, placental efficiency and their relationship with preterm birth.

Objective: To assess a panel of cytokines and placental insufficiency with the risk of preterm delivery (PTD).

Methods: Nested case-control study into the BRISA birth cohort. Eighty-two mother-infant-placenta pairs were selected at 20 to 25 weeks.

Effect of Using Photobiomodulation (660 Nanometers) for the Treatment of Diabetic Ulcers: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) result in tissue damage or impairment of deeper structures that affect quality of life. The impacts are numerous, and even after a long treatment period, 65% of patients experience recurrence. Among the interventions used to accelerate the healing process of DFUs, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a painless, noninvasive, and low-cost treatment.

Cutaneous Application of Capsaicin Cream Reduces Clinical Signs of Experimental Colitis and Repairs Intestinal Barrier Integrity by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Tight Junction Proteins.

Capsaicin, a pungent compound in chili peppers, is described as having potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It is also described as a potential modulator of the immune system and intestinal microbiota. Oral or rectal administration of capsaicin has been studied to treat or prevent colitis.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion induces prominent progressive kidney disease in diabetic mice.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health concern associated with high rates of mortality, even in milder cases. One of the reasons for the difficulty in managing AKI in patients is due to its association with pre-existing comorbidities, such as diabetes. In fact, diabetes increases the susceptibility to develop more severe AKI after renal ischemia.

Comprehensive Review: Machine and Deep Learning in Brain Stroke Diagnosis.

Brain stroke, or a cerebrovascular accident, is a devastating medical condition that disrupts the blood supply to the brain, depriving it of oxygen and nutrients. Each year, according to the World Health Organization, 15 million people worldwide experience a stroke. This results in approximately 5 million deaths and another 5 million individuals suffering permanent disabilities.

The association of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with cardiac autonomic neuropathy in individuals with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review.

Unlabelled: This systematic review aimed to explore the relationship between diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in individuals with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: The systematic review follow the protocol registered in Prospero (CRD42020182899). Two authors independently searched the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases.

The role of light emitting diode in wound healing: A systematic review of experimental studies.

Wounds represent a growing global issue demanding increased attention. To expedite wound healing, technologies are under development, and light emitting diode (LED) devices of varying wavelengths are being explored for their stimulating influence on the healing process. This article presents a systematic literature review aiming to compile, organize, and analyze the impacts of LED devices on wound healing.

Validation of an FT-IR microscopy method for the monitorization of microplastics in water for human consumption in Portugal: Lisbon case study.

The growing anthropogenic contamination of natural water by microplastics (MPs) confirms the urgent need to preserve this precious resource. MPs are part of the group of contaminants of emerging concern, and the occurrence studies in surface water and water for human consumption (WHC) are mandatory for environmental and human health risk assessment. This study aims to optimize and validate a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method coupled with optical microscopy (micro-FTIR) in transmission mode to monitor MPs in WHC.