Perinatal psychological interventions to promote breastfeeding: a narrative review.

Background: Emotional distress in mothers inhibits the let-down reflex, thus affecting breastfeeding self-efficacy. A breastfeeding mother may have to cope with both physical discomfort and psychological distress. However, literature on initiatives to improve breastfeeding rates has focused mainly on providing community-based peer support, or social policies.

[Benefits of mindfulness in pregnant women].

This article is intended to review the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on perinatal mental health. A search of the literature published until September 2019 in the Web of Science (WOS) database was carried out. Taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria and after reading the title and abstracts of the articles found, 26 of them have been selected.

[A study of primary school teachers' knowledge of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

Introduction: The high prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with at least one pupil per classroom, poses a challenge for all the professionals in contact with them, especially for teachers.

Aim: To examine how much primary school teachers know about ADHD in three areas (general information, symptoms and diagnosis, and treatment).

Subjects And Methods: 125 primary school teachers from different communities answered the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (KADDS).

[Current state of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder approach in neuropediatrics].

Aim: To know the current state of the approach of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in neuropediatricians.

Subjects And Methods: A telematic survey was carried out to collect preliminary information on the interest, difficulties in the management and treatment of ADHD to the 437 fellowship of the Neuropediactric Spanish Society (SENEP).

Results: Only 32.

Functional outcomes from a head-to-head, randomized, double-blind trial of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate and atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and an inadequate response to methylphenidate.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with functional impairments in multiple domains of patients' lives. A secondary objective of this randomized, active-controlled, head-to-head, double-blind, dose-optimized clinical trial was to compare the effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) and atomoxetine (ATX) on functional impairment in children and adolescents with ADHD. Patients aged 6-17 years with an ADHD Rating Scale IV total score ≥ 28 and an inadequate response to methylphenidate treatment (judged by investigators) were randomized (1:1) to once-daily LDX or ATX for 9 weeks.

[Is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder associated with other prevalent pathologies of early childhood?].

Aim: To determine whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with other prevalent medical pathologies of the paediatric age.

Development: Several paediatric pathologies were selected with the aim of reviewing their association with ADHD: in paediatric pulmonology, asthma and other allergic processes; in paediatric neurology, headache and febrile seizures; in paediatric gastroenterology, diarrhoea, constipation, abdominal pain, gastroesophageal reflux and infection by Helicobacter pylori; in paediatric nephrology, enuresis; in paediatric cardiology, bruits and congenital heart disease; in paediatric endocrinology, thyroid disorders and obesity; and in paediatric ophthalmology, ametropia and strabismus.

Conclusions: Several studies were found that related ADHD with allergic processes, overweight/obesity, peripheral resistance to thyroid hormone, enuresis, febrile seizures, headache, congenital heart disease, ophthalmic disorders and tooth decay, with some controversial issues and details still to be defined.

Treatment response and remission in a double-blind, randomized, head-to-head study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate and atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objectives: A secondary objective of this head-to-head study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) and atomoxetine (ATX) was to assess treatment response rates in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and an inadequate response to methylphenidate (MPH). The primary efficacy and safety outcomes of the study, SPD489-317 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01106430), have been published previously.

Cluster-randomized, controlled 12-month trial to evaluate the effect of a parental psychoeducation program on medication persistence in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: This multicenter, cluster-randomized, nonblinded study evaluated the effect of parental psychoeducation on medication persistence among children and adolescents with newly diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Patients received standard medication alone or medication plus a parental psychoeducation program, and were followed for 12 months. The primary endpoint was time to withdrawal or termination of medication due to any cause.

Prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder in a sample of Spanish schoolchildren.

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rate of ODD in school age children, and analyze the variability of the prevalence rates per informant, according to the sources of information, sex, age, and level of agreement between teachers and parents. This is an epidemiological study conducted using a community sample extracted by means of multi-stage stratified sampling. The sample consisted of 1,295 children of both sexes from 6 to 8 years old.

Prognostic factors of improvement in health-related quality of life in atomoxetine-treated children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, based on a pooled analysis.

The objective of this study is to identify prognostic factors of treatment response to atomoxetine in improvement of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), measured by the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition Parent Report Form (CHIP-CE PRF) Achievement and Risk Avoidance domains, in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Pooled data from 3 placebo-controlled trials and separate data from 3 open-label trials of atomoxetine in children and adolescents with ADHD were analyzed using logistic regression methods. Based on baseline impairment in the Achievement and/or Risk Avoidance domains (CHIP-CE PRF < 40 points), 2 subsamples of subjects were included.

Distinctions between sluggish cognitive tempo, ADHD-IN, and depression symptom dimensions in Spanish first-grade children.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of a new parent rating scale of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT). SCT was defined with 10 symptom domains--daydreams; attention fluctuates; absentminded; loses train of thought; easily confused; seems drowsy; thinking is slow; slow-moving; low initiative; and easily bored, needs stimulation--with each domain represented by multiple examples. Mothers' and fathers' ratings of SCT, ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and depression symptoms along with ratings of academic and social impairment were obtained for a sample of 802 Spanish first-grade children (54% boys).

Reprint of "Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: a randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up".

The present study is a randomized controlled trial that aims to evaluate the efficacy of Neurofeedback compared to standard pharmacological intervention in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The final sample consisted of 23 children with ADHD (11 boys and 12 girls, 7-14 years old). Participants carried out 40 theta/beta training sessions or received methylphenidate.

Long-term quality-of-life and functioning comparison of atomoxetine versus other standard treatment in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Psychopharmacological agents were shown to be important for improving the quality of life (QoL) of patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A short-term, 10-week study found atomoxetine (ATX) to be effective in improving QoL of ADHD patients. We compared, for the first time, long-term treatment outcomes of ATX and other early standard therapy (OEST, any pharmacological ADHD treatment except ATX) in QoL and functional impairment in pharmacologically naive children/ adolescents in a randomized, controlled, open-label study at 6 and 12 months.

Efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate and atomoxetine in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a head-to-head, randomized, double-blind, phase IIIb study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the prodrug psychostimulant lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) and the non-stimulant noradrenergic compound atomoxetine (ATX) in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who had previously responded inadequately to methylphenidate (MPH).

Methods: This 9-week, head-to-head, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study (SPD489-317; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01106430) enrolled patients (aged 6-17 years) with at least moderately symptomatic ADHD and an inadequate response to previous MPH therapy.

Evaluating Internet information on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment: parent and expert perspectives.

Background: The Internet is increasingly used as a source of health-related information. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of web-based information on treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Sixteen expert health professionals in ADHD and 35 parents of paediatric patients with a recent diagnosis of ADHD assessed the information contained in the 10 highest ranked websites in Spanish, using the Spanish version of the DISCERN tool - a validated questionnaire designed to assess the quality and reliability of web-based information on treatment choices (rating scores from 15 to 75).

Fast vs. slow switching from stimulants to atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: To compare fast versus slow switching from stimulants to atomoxetine (ATX) in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, open-label study in 6-16-year-old ADHD patients, previously treated with stimulants and cross-titrated (fast switch, over 2 weeks, or slow switch, over 10 weeks) to ATX because of unsatisfactory response and/or adverse events. Study duration was 14 weeks with an ATX standard target dose of 1.

Neurofeedback and standard pharmacological intervention in ADHD: a randomized controlled trial with six-month follow-up.

The present study is a randomized controlled trial that aims to evaluate the efficacy of Neurofeedback compared to standard pharmacological intervention in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The final sample consisted of 23 children with ADHD (11 boys and 12 girls, 7-14 years old). Participants carried out 40 theta/beta training sessions or received methylphenidate.

Construct validity of ADHD/ODD rating scales: recommendations for the evaluation of forthcoming DSM-V ADHD/ODD scales.

Exploratory structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to a multiple indicator (26 individual symptom ratings) by multitrait (ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI and ODD factors) by multiple source (mothers, fathers and teachers) model to test the invariance, convergent and discriminant validity of the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory with 872 Thai adolescents and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV and ODD scale of the Disruptive Behavior Inventory with 1,749 Spanish children. Most of the individual ADHD/ODD symptoms showed convergent and discriminant validity with the loadings and thresholds being invariant over mothers, fathers and teachers in both samples (the three latent factor means were higher for parents than teachers). The ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI and ODD latent factors demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity between mothers and fathers within the two samples.

ACTYBOSS: activity, behavioral therapy in young subjects--after-school intervention pilot project on obesity prevention.

Aims: To test the feasibility of a school-based intervention, which combines an incentive-driven physical activity program with lifestyle lectures, and its potential beneficial outcome on children's metabolic parameters.

Methods: We conducted a 6-month pilot intervention in two high schools in Mallorca, Spain, consisting of a program which involved free supervised exercise sessions and nutritional lectures, where children received credit points as a reward for the hours spent exercising and attendance to the lectures. The credit-earned points obtained were exchanged for gifts.

[The influence of different diagnostic criteria and the culture on the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

Aim: To compare the prevalence of attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using different diagnostic criteria (DSM-IV-TR versus ICD-10) and two specific scales based on DSM IV (ADHD-IV Rating Scales and SNAP-IV p90) in school-age children (6-12 years).

Patients And Method: . A population-based study applying stratified multistage sample design (by courses), proportional to the type of school (public, private and enterd) and demographic areas (rural, city).

Changes of urine dihydroxyphenylglycol to norepinephrine ratio in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with atomoxetine.

This study investigated changes in the urine dihydroxyphenylglycol to norepinephrine ratio in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with atomoxetine. The possible relationship with clinical response was also explored. Newly ADHD diagnosed, treatment-naïve children or adolescents were double-blindly randomized (2:1) to atomoxetine (n = 28) or placebo (n = 13).

Understanding trait and sources effects in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder rating scales: mothers', fathers', and teachers' ratings of children from the Balearic Islands.

Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model a multitrait (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]-inattention, ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional defiant disorder [ODD]) by multisource (mothers, fathers, and teachers) matrix to determine the convergent and discriminant validity of ratings by mothers, fathers, and teachers. Participants were 1,749 elementary school children from the island of Majorca in the Balearic Islands. The results showed good convergent validity for the measures for mothers' and fathers' ratings with moderate support for the measures discriminant validity for mothers' and fathers' ratings.

[Attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity: a pattern of evolution?].

Introduction: When the frequency of a gene in the general population exceeds 1%, is not considered a random mutation but a mutation that has been positively selected during evolution. The high prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from 5-10% and its association with the seven-repeat allele of DRD4, which is positively selected in evolution, raising the possibility that ADHD increases the reproductive fitness of the individual and/or group. One of the main characteristics of ADHD is its diversity and is a well recognized fact that diversity confers many benefits to a population (eg.

Evaluation of atomoxetine for first-line treatment of newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that first-line treatment with atomoxetine provides superior efficacy than placebo for up to 12 weeks in improving the symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Research Design And Methods: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial included 151 treatment-naïve children (n = 113) and adolescents (n = 38) with newly diagnosed (< or =3 months) ADHD. Atomoxetine dose was uptitrated from 0.