Effect of glucose variability on the mortality of adults aged 75 years and over during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: To our knowledge, only one study has examined the association between glucose variability (GV) and mortality in the elderly population with diabetes. GV was assessed by HbA1c, and a J-shaped curve was observed in the relationship between HbA1c thresholds and mortality. No study of GV was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown.

External validation of three diabetes prediction scores in a Spanish cohort: does adding high risk for depression improve the validation of the FINDRISC score (FINDRISC-MOOD)?

Objectives: To evaluate the external validity of the FINDRISC, DESIR and ADA risk scores for the prediction of diabetes in a Spanish population aged >45 years and to test the possible improvement of FINDRISC by adding a new variable of high risk of depression when Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) questionnaire score ≥10 (FINDRISC-MOOD).

Design: Prospective population-based cohort study.

Setting: 10 primary healthcare centres in the north of the city of Madrid (Spain).

Incidence of T2DM and the role of baseline glycaemic status as a determinant in a metropolitan population in northern Madrid (Spain).

Aim: To estimate the incidence of T2DM and assess the effect of pre-T2DM (isolated impaired fasting glucose [iIFG], isolated impaired glucose tolerance [iIGT] or both) on progress to T2DM in the adult population of Madrid.

Methods: Population-based cohort comprising 1,219 participants (560 normoglycaemic and 659 preT2DM [418 iIFG, 70 iIGT or 171 IFG-IGT]). T2DM was defined based on fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c or use of glucose-lowering medication.

Cross-sectional Association Between Plasma Biomarkers and Multimorbidity Patterns in Older Adults.

Multimorbidity is the simultaneous presence of 2 or more chronic conditions. Metabolomics could identify biomarkers potentially related to multimorbidity. We aimed to identify groups of biomarkers and their association with different multimorbidity patterns.

Validation of diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and stroke in electronic medical records: a primary care cross-sectional study in Madrid, Spain (the e-MADVEVA Study).

Objectives: To validate the diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke recorded in electronic medical records (EMR) and to estimate the population prevalence of both diseases in people aged ≥18 years.

Design: Cross-sectional validation study.

Setting: 45 primary care centres.

Prospective Association Between Plasma Concentrations of Fatty Acids and Other Lipids, and Multimorbidity in Older Adults.

Biological mechanisms that lead to multimorbidity are mostly unknown, and metabolomic profiles are promising to explain different pathways in the aging process. The aim of this study was to assess the prospective association between plasma fatty acids and other lipids, and multimorbidity in older adults. Data were obtained from the Spanish Seniors-ENRICA 2 cohort, comprising noninstitutionalized adults ≥65 years old.

Multimorbidity Patterns in Older Adults: the Role of Social Variables and Lifestyle Behaviors.

Introduction: While some condition clusters represent the chance co-occurrence of common individual conditions, others may represent shared causal factors. The aims of this study were to identify multimorbidity patterns in older adults and to explore the relationship between social variables, lifestyle behaviors, and the multimorbidity patterns identified.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional design.

Real-world data in primary care: validation of diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in primary care electronic medical records and estimated prevalence among consulting patients'.

Background: Primary care electronic medical records contain clinical-administrative information on a high percentage of the population. Before this information can be used for epidemiological purposes, its quality must be verified. This study aims to validate diagnoses of atrial fibrillation (AF) recorded in primary care electronic medical records and to estimate the prevalence of AF in the population attending primary care consultations.

Factors associated with mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 in the population over 75 years of age in the Community of Madrid.

Objective: Various studies have identified factors associated with risk of mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, their sample size has often been limited and their results partially contradictory. This study evaluated factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in the population of Madrid over 75 years of age, in infected patients, and in hospitalized patients up to January 2021.

Glycemic variability and all-cause mortality in a large prospective southern European cohort of patients with differences in glycemic status.

Background: Few studies have analyzed the relationship between glucose variability (GV) and adverse health outcomes in patients with differences in glycemic status. The present study tests the hypothesis that GV predicts all-cause mortality regardless of glycemic status after simple adjustment (age and sex) and full adjustment (age, sex, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, use of aspirin, statins, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT-2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors, baseline FPG and average HbA1c).

Methods: Prospective cohort study with 795 normoglycemic patients, 233 patients with prediabetes, and 4,102 patients with type 2 diabetes.

Prospective Association Between Plasma Amino Acids and Multimorbidity in Older Adults.

Background: Some amino acids have been associated with aging-related disorders and risk of physical impairment. The aim of this study was to assess the association between plasma concentrations of 9 amino acids, including branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, and multimorbidity.

Methods: This research uses longitudinal data from the Seniors-ENRICA 2 study, a population-based cohort from Spain that comprises noninstitutionalized adults older than 65.

[Factors associated with mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 in the population over 75 years of age in the Community of Madrid].

Objective: Various studies have identified factors associated with risk of mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, their sample size has often been limited and their results partially contradictory. This study evaluated factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in the population of Madrid over 75 years of age, in infected patients, and in hospitalized patients up to January 2021.

All-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in a Spanish nonagenarian cohort according to type 2 diabetes mellitus status and established cardiovascular disease.

Background: Despite the progressive aging of the population in industrialized countries, few studies have focused on the natural history of cardiovascular disease in the very old, and recommendations on prevention of cardiovascular disease in this population are lacking. We aimed to analyze all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events according to prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease in nonagenarians from a Mediterranean population.

Methods: We analyzed the primary health records of all nonagenarians living in the Community of Madrid (N = 59,423) and collected data for 4 groups: Group 1, individuals without T2DM or established CVD (T2DM-, CVD-); Group 2, individuals without T2DM but with established CVD (T2DM-, CVD +); Group 3, individuals with T2DM but without established CVD (T2DM + , CVD-); and Group 4, individuals with both T2DM and established CVD (T2DM + , CVD +), taking into account the influence of sex on the outcomes.

Pre-infection HDL-cholesterol levels and mortality among elderly patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Background And Aims: Low HDL-cholesterol (HDLc) concentration is associated with a greater risk of infection-related mortality. We wanted to evaluate the relationship between pre-infection HDLc levels and mortality among older patients infected with SARS-Cov-2.

Methods: This is a population-based, cohort study, comprising all individuals residing in Madrid (Spain) born before 1 January 1945, and alive on 31 December 2019.

Use of statins and associated factors in nonagenarians in the Community of Madrid, Spain.

Background: The role of statins in the management of dyslipidemia in elderly patients with different cardiovascular risks remains unclear.

Objective: To study use of statins and associated factors in subjects aged 90 or over in the Community of Madrid, Spain.

Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study that included all people aged 90 or more residing in the Community of Madrid as of December 31, 2015.

Cardiovascular risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction and stroke in the MADIABETES cohort.

We aimed to develop two models to estimate first AMI and stroke/TIA, respectively, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, by applying backward elimination to the following variables: age, sex, duration of diabetes, smoking, BMI, and use of antihyperglycemic drugs, statins, and aspirin. As time-varying covariates, we analyzed blood pressure, albuminuria, lipid profile, HbA1c, retinopathy, neuropathy, and atrial fibrillation (only in stroke/TIA model). Both models were stratified by antihypertensive drugs.

Effect of depression on mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus after 8 years of follow-up. The DIADEMA study.

Aim: To assess the effect of depression on all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) followed up during 8 years in primary care in Spain.

Methods: Depression was diagnosed according to MINI 5.0.

Population-based cross-sectional study of 11 645 Spanish nonagenarians with type 2 diabetes mellitus: cardiovascular profile, cardiovascular preventive therapies, achievement goals and sex differences.

Objectives: To evaluate the risk profile, achievement of cardiometabolic goals, and frequency and optimal use of cardiovascular preventive therapies among nonagenarians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To investigate possible sex differences.

Design And Setting: A cross-sectional population study of 11 645 persons aged ≥90 years with T2DM living in Madrid (Spain).

Establishing Technical Values for Nursing Diagnoses in Primary Healthcare.

Purpose: To establish technical values for nursing diagnoses in primary healthcare with which to weight the delivery of care based on criteria of complexity and relevance.

Methods: A three-phase cross-sectional descriptive study: (1) establishing and weighting of the assessment criteria of technical values, (2) scoring of the assessment criteria per diagnosis, and (3) assigning technical values.

Findings: Diagnoses were ordered on the scoring scale obtained and a technical value of 1 to 4 was assigned according to their quartile.

Periodontal disease in adults with diabetes, prevalence and risk factors. Results of an observational study.

Aim: We sought (a) to assess the association between periodontal disease and diabetes, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidities, oral health status and lifestyle variables; (b) to identify which of these variables are independently associated with periodontal disease among diabetes sufferers.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study using data from the National/European Health Interview Surveys, conducted from 2003 to 2014 in Spain. We included 65 295 subjects ≥40 years.

Prevalence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Spain (the DIADEMA Study) : results from the MADIABETES cohort.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depression in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to identify sociodemographic, clinical and psychological factors associated with depression in this population. Additionally, we examine the annual incidence rate of depression among patients with T2DM.

Methods: We performed a large prospective cohort study of patients with T2DM from the Madrid Diabetes Study.

Effectiveness of standardized nursing care plans to achieve A1C, blood pressure, and LDL-C goals among people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline: four-year follow-up study.

Background: No studies that have measured the role of nursing care plans in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our objectives were firstly, to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing Standardized languages in Nursing Care Plans (SNCP) for improving A1C, blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ABC goals) in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline (A1C ≥7%, blood pressure ≥ 130/80 mmHg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol≥100 mg/dl) compared with Usual Nursing Care (UNC). Secondly, to evaluate the factors associated with these goals.

Body mass index and all-cause mortality among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: Findings from the 5-year follow-up of the MADIABETES cohort.

Purpose: To analyse the association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality in a 5-year follow-up study with Spanish type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, seeking gender differences.

Methods: 3443 T2DM outpatients were studied. At baseline and annually, patients were subjected to anamnesis, a physical examination, and biochemical tests.