Evaluating the effectiveness of different household washing techniques for removal of insecticides from spinach and chickpea leaves by micellar liquid chromatography.

In the past few decades, the employment of green analytical approaches in chromatographic method development has attracted the analytical separation community. The greenness of the developed method depends upon the toxicity of solvents and the amount of generated post-analysis waste generated. In this concern, micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is a simple and rapid technique that generates very low toxic waste compared to traditional chromatographic pesticide detection methods.

Micellar enhanced chromatographic separation of selected hazardous chemical present in hair dye and their detection in formulations and swab, including assessment of damage caused to cuticle of hair shaft.

Hydroquinone (HQ), resorcinol (RS), m-aminophenol (m-AMP) and p-phenylenediamine (p-PPD) are aromatic compounds which are generally used in hair dyes to provide different colours to hair. In European Union the concentrations of HQ, RS, m-AMP and p-PPD is regulated in hair dyes and other cosmetic products by EU commission regulation EU/2019/831. This legislation is generally exercised because all these compounds are toxic and may cause severe allergies when used regularly.

A method to determine two antibiotics prescribed to treat nosocomial infections in plasma and urine by micellar liquid chromatography.

Combined prescription of the antimicrobial drugs linezolid and meropenem is a common strategy to treat multidrug-resistant nosocomial infections. We propose an innovative method to determine these two drugs in plasma and urine, based on micellar liquid chromatography. Both biological fluids were diluted in mobile phase, filtered and directly injected, without any extraction step.

Micellar liquid chromatography as a sustainable tool to quantify three statins in oral solid dosage forms.

A method based on micellar liquid chromatography has been developed to determine rosuvastatin, lovastatin and simvastatin in oral solid dosage forms. Samples were solved in mobile phase up to the target concentration, filtered and directly injected. The three statins were resolved in 30 min, using an aqueous solution of 0.

An easy and green assay to determine albendazole and ivermectin in veterinary preparations by micellar liquid chromatography.

A procedure to determine albendazole and ivermectin in veterinary formulations, like tablet, bolus, oral suspensions, and injections by micellar liquid chromatography, has been developed. Sample preparation was a batch solid-to-liquid extraction in mobile phase, consisting of a stirring step (15 min), followed by ultrasonication (15 min) and filtration of the obtained supernatant, to reach a target concentration of 2 mg/L for both analytes. Using a mobile phase of 0.

Direct injection green chromatographic method for simultaneous quantification of amoxicillin and amikacin in maternity hospital wastewater (Sagar, India).

Amoxicillin (AMO) and amikacin (AMK) are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are most preferably given post-delivery (normal and cesarian) in the maternity hospitals located in Sagar city (Madhya Pradesh), India. Both the antibiotics make their way through sewage/drainage systems into the environment in the form of metabolized and unmetabolized compounds. Growing concern about the contamination of wastewater by antibiotics requires fast, sensitive and eco-friendly techniques.

Procedure for the Screening of Eggs and Egg Products to Detect Oxolonic Acid, Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, and Sarafloxacin Using Micellar Liquid Chromatography.

A method based on micellar liquid chromatography was developed to determine oxolinic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and sarafloxacin in eggs and egg products. The antimicrobial drugs were obtained in a micellar solution which was directly injected. The analytes were resolved using a C18 column and a mobile phase of 0.

Effect of buffer nature and concentration on the chromatographic performance of basic compounds in the absence and presence of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.

In reversed-phase liquid chromatography, the performance for basic compounds is affected by the interaction of the protonated (cationic) species with the anionic free silanols on the alkyl-bonded stationary phases. Using aqueous-organic mobile phases in the absence of additives, the retention may be too high, and the peaks be broad and asymmetric. The performance is improved by addition to the mobile phase of ionic liquids, from which 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([CMIm][Cl]) has especially good characteristics.

Modulation of retention and selectivity in oil-in-water microemulsion liquid chromatography: A review.

Microemulsions (MEs) are stable, isotropically clear solutions consisting of an oil and water stabilized by a surfactant and a co-surfactant. Oil-in-water microemuslion liquid chromatography (MELC) is a relatively new chromatographic mode, which uses an O/W ME as mobile phase. Retention, selectivity and efficiency can be modified by changing the concentration of the ME components and the ratio between the aqueous and oil phases.

Optimization and Validation of a Chromatographic Method for the Quantification of Isoniazid in Urine of Tuberculosis Patients According to the European Medicines Agency Guideline.

Isoniazid is a drug that is widely used against tuberculosis. However, it shows high interpatient variability in metabolism kinetics and clinical effect, which complicates the prescription of the medication and jeopardizes the success of the therapy. Therefore, in a specific patient, the pharmacokinetics of the drug must be elucidated to decide the proper dosage and intake frequency to make the drug suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring.

A rapid and reliable assay to determine flumequine, marbofloxacin, difloxacin, and sarafloxacin in commonly consumed meat by micellar liquid chromatography.

Background: Micellar liquid chromatography - fluorescence detection was used to determine the antibiotics flumequine, marbofloxacin, difloxacin, and sarafloxacin in porcine, bovine, poultry, ovine, caprine, rabbit, and equine meat, to verify compliance with EU Regulation 37/2010 with regard to the occurrence of veterinary drugs in food.

Results: The analytes were isolated from the matrix by ultrasonication-assisted leaching in a micellar solution, and the supernatant was filtered and directly injected. The fluoroquinolones were resolved in < 19 min using a C18 column, with an isocratic mobile phase of 0.

Recent advances on ionic liquid uses in separation techniques.

The molten organic salts with melting point below 100°C, commonly called ionic liquids (ILs) have found numerous uses in separation sciences due to their exceptional properties as non molecular solvents, namely, a negligible vapor pressure, a high thermal stability, and unique solvating properties due to polarity and their ionic character of molten salts. Other properties, such as viscosity, boiling point, water solubility, and electrochemical window, are adjustable playing with which anion is associated with which cation. This review focuses on recent development of the uses of ILs in separation techniques actualizing our 2008 article (same authors, J.

Extent of the influence of phosphate buffer and ionic liquids on the reduction of the silanol effect in a C18 stationary phase.

The presence of anionic free silanols in the silica-based stationary phases gives rise to broad and asymmetrical peaks when cationic basic compounds are chromatographed using hydro-organic mobile phases. The addition to the mobile phase of a reagent with ionic character prevents the access of analytes to the free silanols, improving the peak shape. The silanol activity can be affected by the buffer concentration and mobile phase pH, factors that are not always considered sufficiently in the literature.

Validation of a procedure to quantify oxolinic acid, danofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin in selected meats by micellar liquid chromatography according to EU Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.

The suitability of an analytical method to determine oxolinic acid, danofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin in edible tissues, based on micellar liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection, to be applied in chicken, turkey, duck, lamb, goat, rabbit and horse muscle, is described. The method was fully matrix-matched in-lab revalidated, for each antimicrobial drug and meat, following the guidelines of the EU Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The permitted limits were the maximum residue limits stated by the EU Commission Regulation 37/2010.

Determination of oxolinic acid, danofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin in porcine and bovine meat by micellar liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A method was developed for the determination of oxolinic acid, danofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin by micellar liquid chromatography - fluorescence detection in commercial porcine and bovine meat. The samples were ultrasonicated in a micellar solution, free of organic solvent, to extract the analytes, and the supernatant was directly injected. The quinolones were resolved in <22min using a mobile phase of 0.

LC of high to moderately polar basic drugs in urine with water and detergent, and direct injection.

Background: Micellar LC was first proposed as a 'green' mode using mobile phases of water and surfactant. However, in most procedures a small amount of organic solvent is required to decrease the retention to convenient values. Results & methodology: Mixed micellar mobile phases prepared with both cationic (sodium dodecyl sulphate) and nonionic surfactant (Brij-35) modulate the retention of high to moderately polar basic drugs to practical times, eliminating the need of organic solvent.

Use of micellar liquid chromatography for rapid monitoring of fungicides post harvest applied to citrus wastewater.

A method based on micellar liquid chromatography has been developed to simultaneously monitor four pesticides largely post-harvest applied to citrus: thiabendazole, pyrimethanil, o-phenylphenol and imazalil. Water samples were filtered and directly injected without other treatment, thus avoiding extraction steps. The composition of the mobile phase was optimized using a chemometrical approach to achieve and excellent resolution to 0.

On the use of ionic liquids as mobile phase additives in high-performance liquid chromatography. A review.

The popularity of ionic liquids (ILs) has grown during the last decades in several analytical separation techniques. Consequently, the number of reports devoted to the applications of ILs is still increasing. This review is focused on the use of ILs (mainly imidazolium-based associated to chloride and tetrafluoroborate) as mobile phase additives in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Analysis of thiabendazole, 4-tert-octylphenol and chlorpyrifos in waste and sewage water by direct injection – micellar liquid chromatography.

A micellar liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of the pesticides thiabendazole and chlorpyrifos, as well as an alkylphenol, which is included in pesticide formulations, i.e., 4-tert-octylphenol, in water.

Validation of human clinical genetic tests.

In the last ten years, a high amount of genetic assays has been developed for molecular biopathology and genetic laboratories of the hospitals, mainly developed and provided by external companies. In some cases, the specialized staff members of the hospitals (doctors, biopathologists, geneticists or pharmacists) develop their own methods. The validation of these methods is required before their use in clinical testing, in order to assess its reliability.

Validation of rapid microbiological methods.

Classical microbiological methods currently have unacceptably long cycle times. Rapid microbiological methods have been available on the market for decades and have been applied by the clinical and food industries. However, their implementation in the pharmaceutical industry has been hampered by stringent regulations on validation and comparison with classical methods.

Quantification of tamoxifen in pharmaceutical formulations using micellar liquid chromatography.

This paper describes a micellar liquid chromatographic method used to analyze tamoxifen (TAMO) in pharmaceutical formulations, while focusing in its interesting features. Solid samples were solved in a micellar solution, irradiated at 254 nm, filtered and injected. Extraction steps were avoided and thus expediting the procedure.

Use of micellar liquid chromatography to analyze darunavir, ritonavir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir in plasma.

Danuravir, ritonavir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir are together prescribed against AIDS as a highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen. Micellar liquid chromatography has been applied to determine these four antiretroviral drugs in plasma. The sample preparation is shortened to the dilution of the sample in a micellar solution, filtration, and injection.

Determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in plasma and urine by micellar liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection.

Citalopram, paroxetine and fluoxetine are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) currently used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We present an analytical method using micellar liquid chromatography to quantify these three drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, plasma and urine. The resolution was performed using a mobile phase of 0.