Influence of Pharmaceutical Copayment on Emergency Hospital Admissions: A 1978-2018 Time Series Analysis in Spain.

No studies have evaluated the influence of pharmaceutical copayment on hospital admission rates using time series analysis. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the relationship between hospital admission rates and the influence of the introduction of a pharmaceutical copayment system (PCS). In July 2012, a PCS was implemented in Spain, and we designed a time series analysis (1978-2018) to assess its impact on emergency hospital admissions.

Development, and Internal, and External Validation of a Scoring System to Predict 30-Day Mortality after Having a Traffic Accident Traveling by Private Car or Van: An Analysis of 164,790 Subjects and 79,664 Accidents.

Predictive factors for fatal traffic accidents have been determined, but not addressed collectively through a predictive model to help determine the probability of mortality and thereby ascertain key points for intervening and decreasing that probability. Data on all road traffic accidents with victims involving a private car or van occurring in Spain in 2015 (164,790 subjects and 79,664 accidents) were analyzed, evaluating 30-day mortality following the accident. As candidate predictors of mortality, variables associated with the accident (weekend, time, number of vehicles, road, brightness, and weather) associated with the vehicle (type and age of vehicle, and other types of vehicles in the accident) and associated with individuals (gender, age, seat belt, and position in the vehicle) were examined.

Clinical relevance of an intervention assessed by a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Objectives: Many meta-analyses usually omit the number needed to treat, or perform the calculation incorrectly, despite its importance in clinical decision-making. Accordingly, we will explain in an easily understandable way how to perform this procedure to assess the clinical relevance of the intervention.

Study Design And Setting: The expressions of the Cochrane Library and the concepts of clinical relevance and evidence-based medicine were applied.

Clinical effectiveness of a cardiology outpatient management plan to reduce inefficiency in consultations.

: Longer delays in carrying out complementary tests in cardiology services have resulted in patients arriving for consultation without these tests being performed (inefficient consultations). To ameliorate this situation, a management-based intervention was designed, optimizing the available resources and modifying the appointment system. Therefore, our objective was to determine the effectiveness of this intervention to reduce the number of inefficient consultations and improve the clinical care process.

A general presentation on how to carry out a CHARMS analysis for prognostic multivariate models.

The CHARMS (critical appraisal and data extraction for systematic reviews of prediction modelling studies) checklist was created to provide methodological appraisals of predictive models, based on the best available scientific evidence and through systematic reviews. Our purpose is to give a general presentation on how to carry out a CHARMS analysis for prognostic multivariate models, making clear what the steps are and how they are applied individually to the studies included in the systematic review. This tutorial is aimed at providing such a resource.

Quality assessment of meta-analyses evaluating randomized clinical trials to improve the prognosis of septic shock: an overview of systematic reviews.

Clinical guidelines for the treatment of septic shock are based on the studies with the best scientific evidence, which are meta-analyses of clinical trials. However, these meta-analyses may have methodological limitations that prevent their conclusions from being extrapolated to routine clinical practice. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the quality of these meta-analyses through a systematic review.

The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment Scale for Patellar Tendinopathy (VISA-P): A Reliability Generalization Meta-analysis.

Objective: The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) is a questionnaire to assess the severity of patellar tendinopathies. Its use requires good reliability indicators: internal consistency, test-retest and parallel forms. Several studies have been published examining this question, but to date the reliability of this questionnaire (meta-analysis) has not been generalized.

A critical appraisal of the clinical applicability and risk of bias of the predictive models for mortality and recurrence in patients with oropharyngeal cancer: Systematic review.

The use of predictive models is becoming widespread. However, these models should be developed appropriately (CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modeling Studies [CHARMS] and Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool [PROBAST] statements). Concerning mortality/recurrence in oropharyngeal cancer, we are not aware of any systematic reviews of the predictive models.

A systematic review of predictive models for recurrence and mortality in patients with tongue cancer.

Introduction: Predictive models must meet clinical/methodological standards to be used in clinical practice. However, no critique of those models relating to mortality/recurrence in tongue cancer has been done bearing in mind the accepted standards.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review evaluating the methodology and clinical applicability of predictive models for mortality/recurrence in tongue cancer published in MEDLINE and Scopus.

Therapeutic inertia in anti-platelet therapy in patients with a cardiovascular event attended in an emergency department.

Objective As very few studies have assessed therapeutic inertia (TI) in anti-platelet therapy in patients in secondary cardiovascular prevention, the authors designed a study in their hospital emergency department to quantify its magnitude and its associated factors. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional observational study involved a sample of 223 patients with a history of cardiovascular disease and recommendation for anti-platelet therapy who attended the emergency department in a Spanish region in 2016. The main variable was TI in platelet anti-aggregation (lack of a prescription when recommended by the clinical guidelines).

Nonadherence to guidelines for prescribing antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: We have found no papers evaluating nonadherence to guidelines for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), taking into account the two risk scales [C, congestive heart failure; H, hypertension; A, age; D, diabetes mellitus; S, stroke (CHADS2) and C, congestive heart failure; H, hypertension; A, age; D, diabetes mellitus; S, stroke; V, vascular disease; A, age; Sc, sex category (CHA2DS2-VASc)] and the two types of treatment that are recommended (antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy).

Objective: To determine the extent of lack of adherence when prescribing anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy to patients with AF and associated factors.

Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study of 144 patients with AF who visited the emergency department of Elda Hospital in 2013-14 (Spain).

A four-year cardiovascular risk score for type 2 diabetic inpatients.

As cardiovascular risk tables currently in use were constructed using data from the general population, the cardiovascular risk of patients admitted via the hospital emergency department may be underestimated. Accordingly, we constructed a predictive model for the appearance of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes admitted via the emergency department. We undertook a four-year follow-up of a cohort of 112 adult patients with type 2 diabetes admitted via the emergency department for any cause except patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer, or a palliative status.

Predictive models for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic inpatients. A cohort study.

Background: Many authors have analysed premature mortality in cohorts of type 2 diabetic patients, but no analyses have assessed mortality in hospitalised diabetic patients.

Aim: To construct predictive models to estimate the likelihood of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic inpatients.

Design: Cohort study with follow-up from 2010 to 2014.