Behavioral effects of the combined use of alcohol and energy drinks on alcohol hangover in an experimental mice model.

In last few years it has been a significant increase in the consumption of alcohol combined with energy drink. The aim of this work was to study the effect of this mixture in motor and affective behaviors during an alcohol hangover episode. Male Swiss mice received one of the following treatments: saline + sucrose; saline + energy drink; ethanol + sucrose; ethanol + energy drink.

Influence of conformity on the wear of total knee replacement: An experimental study.

Wear of total knee replacement continues to be a significant factor influencing the clinical longevity of implants. Historically, failure due to delamination and fatigue directed design towards more conforming inserts to reduce contact stress. As new generations of more oxidatively stable polyethylene have been developed, more flexibility in bearing design has been introduced.

PEEK and CFR-PEEK as alternative bearing materials to UHMWPE in a fixed bearing total knee replacement: An experimental wear study.

New bearing materials for total joint replacement have been explored as the need to improve longevity and enhance performance is driven by the changing demands of the patient demographic. Carbon-reinforced PEEK has demonstrated good wear characteristics in experimental wear simulation in both simple geometry pin-on-plate studies and in total hip joint replacement. Carbon reinforced PEEK CFR-PEEK has the potential to reduce tibial insert thickness and preserve bone in the knee.

Influence of third-body particles originating from bone void fillers on the wear of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.

Calcium sulfate bone void fillers are increasingly being used for dead space management in infected arthroplasty revision surgery. The presence of these materials as loose beads close to the bearing surfaces of joint replacements gives the potential for them to enter the joint becoming trapped between the articulating surfaces; the resulting damage to cobalt chrome counterfaces and the subsequent wear of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene is unknown. In this study, third-body damage to cobalt chrome counterfaces was simulated using particles of the calcium sulfate bone void fillers Stimulan(®) (Biocomposites Ltd.

Wear of composite ceramics in mixed-material combinations in total hip replacement under adverse edge loading conditions.

Ceramic composites have performed very well under adverse edge loading conditions when used in like-on-like configurations, where the femoral head and acetabular cup are of the same material. The aim of this study was to determine the wear of pure alumina (Al O ), alumina toughened zirconia (ATZ) and zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) when used in mixed bearing combinations, under edge loading conditions due to translational mal-positioning. The head-on-cup configurations of three ceramic materials were ATZ-on-ZTA, ZTA-on-ATZ, Al O -on-ATZ, ATZ-on-Al O , Al O -on-ZTA, and ZTA-on-Al O .

Psychiatric Worker and Family Members: Pathways Towards Co-Operation Networks within Psychiatric Assistance Services.

The family's role in patient care was greatly altered by Law 180. This law, introduced in Italy in 1978, led to a gradual phasing out of custodial treatment for psychiatric patients. This different mindset, which views the family as an alternative to institutionalization, leads to it being seen as an essential entity in the setting up of community service dynamics.

Low dose of bisphenol A impairs the reproductive axis of prepuberal male rats.

The objective of the present work was to study the effect of a low dose of bisphenol A (BPA), on the reproductive axis of prepuberal male rats exposed to the endocrine disruptor (ED) during gestation and lactation period. Wistar-mated rats were treated with either 0.1 % ethanol or BPA in their drinking water until their offspring were weaned at the age of 21 days.

Leptin inhibits the reproductive axis in adult male Syrian hamsters exposed to long and short photoperiod.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of acute leptin treatment of adult Syrian hamsters exposed to a long (LP, eugonadal males) and short photoperiod (SP, hypogonadal males). Animals were exposed to LP (L:D 14:10) or SP (L:D 10:14) for 10 weeks. Afterwards, both LP and SP hamsters were allocated to a control (SP-C, LP-C) or leptin-treated group (SP 3, SP 10, SP 30 or LP3, LP 10, LP 30).

Evidence of reproductive disruption associated with neuroendocrine changes induced by UV-B filters, phthalates and nonylphenol during sexual maturation in rats of both gender.

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous substances or xenoestrogens natural or synthetic, capable of interacting with different systems and altering their normal hormonal regulation, being the reproductive system one of the most affected. EDs produce their effects not only by acting on nuclear steroid receptors, but also on membrane receptors, steroidal and non-steroidal synthetic enzymatic pathways and/or metabolism. The incorporation to the body depend on each EDs, which are liposoluble and easily deposited in the tissue; thus ensuring a prolonged accumulation and release, even when the exposure is not continuous.

Probable gamma-aminobutyric acid involvement in bisphenol A effect at the hypothalamic level in adult male rats.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on the neuroendocrine mechanism of control of the reproductive axis in adult male rats exposed to it during pre- and early postnatal periods. Wistar mated rats were treated with either 0.1% ethanol or BPA in their drinking water until their offspring were weaned at the age of 21 days.

Evidence to suggest glutamic acid involvement in Bisphenol A effect at the hypothalamic level in prepubertal male rats.

Objectives: The aim of present paper was to study the probable role of glutamic acid (GLU) as a mediator of bisphenol A (BPA) effect at the hypothalamic level and its effects on the reproductive axis of prepubertal male rats.

Methods: Mated Wistar rats were treated with either 0.1% ethanol (control group, n=10) or BPA (BPA group, n=10) in their drinking water until their offspring were weaned at the age of 21 days.

Reproductive axis response to repeated lipopolysaccharide administration in peripubertal female rats.

Immune system disorders are often accompanied by alterations in the reproductive axis. Several reports have shown that administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has central inflammatory effects and activates cytokine release in the hypothalamus where the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (Gn-RH) neurons are located. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of repeated LPS administration on the neuroendocrine mechanisms of control of the reproductive axis in peripubertal female rats (30-day-old rats).

Impact of gestational and lactational phthalate exposure on hypothalamic content of amino acid neurotransmitters and FSH secretion in peripubertal male rats.

This study investigated the effect of the pre- and perinatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the neuroendocrine parameters that regulate reproduction in peripubertal male rats. DEHP at dose of 3 and 30mg/kg bw/day was administered orally to female rat since pregnancy onset until weaning. The male litters were sacrificed at 30 days of age to determine gonadotropin serum level and the hypothalamic contents of the amino acids aspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid.

Low dose 4-MBC effect on neuroendocrine regulation of reproductive axis in adult male rats.

4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) is an ultraviolet absorbent. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of 4-MBC low-dose exposure on the neuroendocrine reproductive regulation in male rats. Wistar male adult rats were injected sc.

Effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the reproductive axis of prepubertal and peripubertal female rats. Ontogenic changes in the immune-neuroendocrine interactions.

The immune, endocrine and nervous systems are closely interrelated, which allows the organism to respond to different types of stress such as infection. Chronic infectious and inflammatory conditions are often accompanied by an impaired reproductive function. Leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, exerts a regulatory function on the reproductive axis.

Leptin stimulates LH secretion in peripubertal male rats through NMDA receptors.

Leptin, a peptide hormone secreted by adipocytes that has been proposed as a metabolic signal in the reproductive system, appears to be linked to the different neuroendocrine processes involved in the onset of puberty. We studied the ontogenic effect of administration of leptin (30 mg/kg i.p.

Effect of leptin on LH levels and hypothalamic release of GnRH. Its relationship with the hypothalamic neurotransmitter amino acids system in adult male rats.

The objective of the present paper was to determine the effect of leptin on the reproductive axis in adult male rats, as well as the hypothalamic mechanisms involved in this effect. For this purpose, we studied the in vivo effect of leptin in adult male rats on serum LH levels, and the in vitro effect on hypothalamic GnRH and amino acid neurotrasmitter release. For in vivo experiments, animals were injected i.

Hypothalamic nitric oxide synthase activity during sexual maturation in female rats. Effects of estrogens.

Objectives: To determine the hypothalamic activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS, the enzyme involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide NO) during sexual maturation in prepubertal (15 days old) and peripubertal female rats (30 days old) as well as the effect of estradiol administration on this neurotransmitter system.

Methods: Hypothalamic samples containing the anterior preoptic and medial basal areas (APOA-MBH) were homogenized with HEPES 20 mM, pH = 7.4 and NOS activity was determined in APO-MBH after 10 minutes of incubation by the conversion of 14C arginine to 14C citrulline.

Effects of gabaergic and serotoninergic systems on hypothalamic content of catecholamines during sexual development in female rats.

Objectives: The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether the catecholaminergic system is involved in gabaergic and serotoninergic effects on gonadotrophin secretion during sexual development. To this end, we studied the effect of GABAergic and serotoninergic systems on hypothalamic catecholamine content at different stages of sexual development.

Methods: The effect of GABA A and GABA B agonists and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan on hypothalamic noradrenaline and dopamine content were determined in prepubertal (16 days old) and peripubertal (30 days old) rats.

Changes in the effect of testosterone on hypothalamic nitric oxide synthetase during sexual maturation. Its relationship with GnRH release.

Objectives: To determine the effect of testosterone administration to prepubertal (15 days old) and peripubertal rats (30 days old) on hypothalamic nitric oxide synthetase (NOS), and GnRH release.

Methods: Hypothalamic samples containing the anterior preoptic and medial basal areas (APO-MBH) were incubated for 30 minutes in 500 l of Earle's medium with glucose (1 mg/ml) and bacitracin (20 mM). GnRH was determined by RIA in the medium and NOS activity was determined in APO-MBH after 10 min of incubation by the conversion of (14) C arginine to (14) C citrulline.

Ontogenic modifications in the effect of the GABAergic system on the hypothalamic excitatory amino acids: its relationship with GABAergic control of gonadotrophin secretion during sexual maturation in female rats.

Aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), an inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric transaminase, stimulates the in vitro GABA release by medial and anterior preoptic hypothalamic areas in prepubertal female rats (6, 15 and 30 days of age). This increase of GABA release at 15 days of age, was accompanied by a significant increase (P<0.01) in the hypothalamic release of glutamate (GLU) and aspartate (ASP), the excitatory amino acids involved in N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotransmission and a decrease in the release of these excitatory amino acids at 6 and 30 days of age (P<0.

Effects of aproteic diet on hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal regulation in the male rat.

The effect of an aproteic diet (Ap) on the reproductive axis in young male rats was studied. Also the refeeding effect at different times after the aproteic diet was studied. The Ap diet was given during 21 days.