Publications by authors named "Carbone D"

Vanadium compounds are known for their antidiabetic properties due to their ability to interfere with numerous mechanisms that lead to the decrease of blood glucose levels. Although some of these compounds have reached clinical trials and have the advantage of being orally administrable, no vanadium-containing drugs are currently available on the market, primarily due to the high doses required, which can lead intestinal and renal problems in case of long-term treatments. In this study, plant extracts obtained from olive leaves (Olea europaea L.

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are first line treatment for advanced lung cancer. Tobacco use is a shared risk factor for lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although many patients with COPD and lung cancer receive ICIs, the impact of ICIs on COPD is unknown.

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Background: There is uncertainty around clinical applicability of tumor mutational burden (TMB) across cancer types, in part because of inconsistency between TMB measurements from different platforms. The KEYNOTE 158 trial supported United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the Foundation Medicine test (FoundationOneCDx) at TMB≥10 mut/Mb as a companion diagnostic (CDx) for single-agent pembrolizumab in second+line. Using a large real-world dataset with validated survival endpoint data, we evaluated clinical validity of TMB measurement by the test in over 8000 patients across 24 cancer types who received single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI).

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Tarlatamab is a bispecific T-cell engager immunotherapy targeting delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and the cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) molecule. In the phase 2 DeLLphi-301 trial of tarlatamab for patients with previously treated small cell lung cancer, tarlatamab 10 mg every 2 weeks achieved durable responses and encouraging survival outcomes. Analyses of updated safety data from the DeLLphi-301 trial demonstrated that the most common treatment-emergent adverse events were cytokine release syndrome (53%), pyrexia (38%), decreased appetite (36%), dysgeusia (32%), and an emia (30%).

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Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers a promising approach for differentiating multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC) from intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM), though panel selection and clonal interpretation remain challenging. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from 80 lung cancer samples were utilized to simulate MPLC and IPM, with various sequenced panels constructed through gene subsampling. Two clonal interpretation approaches primarily applied in clinical practice, MoleA (based on shared mutation comparison) and MoleB (based on probability calculation), were subsequently evaluated.

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The tumor microenvironment (TME) is integral to cancer progression, impacting metastasis and treatment response. It consists of diverse cell types, extracellular matrix components, and signaling molecules that interact to promote tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Elucidating the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the TME is crucial in understanding cancer progression and therapeutic challenges.

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The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection may range from asymptomatic or minor conditions to severe and life-threatening outcomes. The respiratory system is a principal target of the virus and in the majority of cases of severe disease, an acute form of pneumonia develops. Despite concerted global efforts to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19, the progression of the infection leading to pulmonary damage remains poorly understood.

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Introduction: Rapid diagnostic units (RDUs) represent an alternative to conventional hospitalization diagnosis, enabling outpatient care for patients with suspected potentially severe disease. The first year of operation of a Rapid Diagnostic and Short Stay Unit (RDSSU) is described.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study involving 696 patients, documenting 739 events defined as each patient's entry into the RDU for specific reasons.

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Tunable quantum materials hold great potential for applications. Of special interest are materials in which small lattice strain induces giant electronic responses. The kagome compounds AVSb (A = K, Rb, Cs) provide a testbed for electronic tunable states.

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  • * New azole urea compounds have been synthesized that demonstrate effective antiproliferative and antimigratory activities against pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting Akt.
  • * Various assays, like Sulforhodamine B and wound-healing assays, have confirmed the efficacy of these compounds, with promising results shown in a 3D spheroid model of pancreatic cancer cells.
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  • This study investigates the immunogenomic characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with lymph node (LN) metastasis, aiming to better understand its connection to poor patient prognosis.
  • Researchers utilized next-generation sequencing and multiplex immunohistochemistry on a large patient cohort to map genetic alterations and analyze the immune environment in LUAD tumors.
  • The findings highlight specific mutations and immune cell profiles linked to LN metastasis, allowing researchers to create a predictive model that could enhance personalized treatment strategies for patients who cannot undergo surgery.
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  • Dual immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using CTLA4 and PD-(L)1 inhibitors shows improved anti-tumor effectiveness and immune toxicity compared to PD-(L)1 inhibitors alone in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
  • Patients with mutations in STK11 and/or KEAP1 genes benefit more from the combination treatment compared to those receiving only PD-(L)1 inhibitors, as shown in the POSEIDON trial.
  • The loss of KEAP1 serves as a strong predictor for the success of dual ICB, as it leads to a more favorable outcome by changing the tumor's immune environment to better engage CD4 and CD8 T cells for anti-tumor activity. *
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  • * A pooled analysis of clinical trials showed that patients receiving this combination treatment had better overall survival (17.4 months) compared to those receiving chemotherapy alone (11.3 months) at a median follow-up of 73.7 months.
  • * The combination treatment also resulted in higher progression-free survival and objective response rates without new safety concerns, making it a promising first-line option for hard-to-treat NSCLC cases.
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Purpose: Seizure-related homolog protein 6 (SEZ6) is a novel target expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). ABBV-011, a SEZ6-targeted antibody conjugated to calicheamicin, was evaluated in a phase I study (NCT03639194) in patients with relapsed/refractory SCLC. We report initial outcomes of ABBV-011 monotherapy.

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Background: We report 5-year efficacy and safety outcomes from CheckMate 9LA in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) and exploratory analyses in key patient subgroups.

Methods: Adults with stage IV/recurrent NSCLC and no sensitizing EGFR/ALK alterations were randomized to receive nivolumab plus ipilimumab with chemotherapy (n = 361) or chemotherapy (n = 358). Outcomes were assessed in all randomized patients and subgroups.

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Nicotine exposure through the use of electronic delivery systems (vaping) has been found to elevate the risk of certain conditions of the lungs, e.g., vaping associated lung injury, EVALI).

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  • The ROAR-LCT clinical trial aimed to assess the feasibility of a supportive care intervention combining physical therapy and progressive muscle relaxation for older adults with advanced lung cancer.
  • The study recruited 22 participants aged 60 and older with specific types of lung cancer, evaluating them through various physical and mental health measures before and after the 12-session program.
  • Out of those who consented, 81.8% began the intervention, and 61.1% completed enough sessions to meet the feasibility criteria, indicating a promising approach to improve care for this population.
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  • * A photoemission and density-functional theory study was conducted on three compounds to explore how different intercalant elements affect their electronic structures at both the bulk and surface levels.
  • * Findings reveal that as the atomic number of the intercalant increases, there’s greater hybridization with NbS-derived conduction states, resulting in the formation of new electronic states at the Fermi level, which explains previously observed anomalous states and sheds light on tuning magnetic interactions.
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  • - The study examined genomic alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) across a large sample of over 75,000 patients in the US and compared findings with a Japanese cohort to identify differences based on race, sex, and age.
  • - Significant variations in genetic alterations were observed: for example, EGFR mutations were more common in East Asian patients, while ALK mutations were prevalent in Admixed American, East Asian, and South Asian groups compared to others.
  • - Additionally, the analysis showed clear distinctions in mutation prevalence linked to sex and age, with certain mutations like EGFR and ALK being more frequent in females, while mutations such as TP53 and KEAP1 were more common in males; older patients
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  • Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is an important protein that helps cancer cells stick together, move, grow, and survive, so targeting it could help treat tough cancers like pancreatic cancer.
  • Researchers tested a new series of special compounds and found one that effectively stopped the growth of different pancreatic cancer cells and reduced their movement.
  • In experiments with mice, this compound not only slowed down tumor growth but also showed it wasn’t harmful, making it a strong candidate for future cancer treatments that target FAK.
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  • A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of atezolizumab before and after chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), showing promise in enhancing treatment outcomes.
  • The trial involved 62 patients who received four cycles of atezolizumab, followed by CRT, with the primary measure being the disease control rate at 12 weeks.
  • Results indicated improved disease control and safety patterns, suggesting pre-emptive use of atezolizumab could enhance patient responses to treatment.
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Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, remains a pressing health issue despite significant medical advances. The New York Lung Cancer Foundation brought together experts from academia, the pharmaceutical and biotech industries as well as organizational leaders and patient advocates, to thoroughly examine the current state of lung cancer diagnosis, treatment, and research. The goal was to identify areas where our understanding is incomplete and to develop collaborative public health and scientific strategies to generate better patient outcomes, as highlighted in our "Calls to Action.

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