Innate acting memory Th1 cells modulate heterologous diseases.

Through immune memory, infections have a lasting effect on the host. While memory cells enable accelerated and enhanced responses upon rechallenge with the same pathogen, their impact on susceptibility to unrelated diseases is unclear. We identify a subset of memory T helper 1 (Th1) cells termed innate acting memory T (T) cells that originate from a viral infection and produce IFN-γ with innate kinetics upon heterologous challenge in vivo.

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A thorough Bioinformatic Analysis of Gene Expression and Clinical Data.

The likelihood of being diagnosed with thyroid cancer has increased in recent years; it is the fastest-expanding cancer in the United States and it has tripled in the last three decades. In particular, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of cancer affecting the thyroid. It is a slow-growing cancer and, thus, it can usually be cured.

Hospitalization Burden of Patients with Kidney Stones and Metabolic Comorbidities in Spain during the Period 2017-2020.

Nephrolithiasis has become an increasing worldwide problem during the last decades. Metabolic syndrome, its components, and related dietary factors have been pointed out as responsible for the increasing incidence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the trends in the hospitalization rates of patients with nephrolithiasis, hospitalization features, costs, and how metabolic syndrome traits influence both the prevalence and complications of lithiasic patients.

Validity and Future of Primary Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer. Integration in the Era of New Agents Targeting the Androgen Receptor.

The relationship of sex hormones with prostate glandular activity and the evidence of the favourable impact of bilateral orchiectomy in 21 patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), ratified by Huggins C.B. and cols.

Hyperthermic Mitomycin C in Intermediate-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Results of the HIVEC-1 Trial.

Background: Optimising therapeutic strategies of intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (IR-NMIBC) is needed.

Objective: To compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) with adjuvant intravesical mitomycin C (MMC) at normothermia or hyperthermia using the COMBAT bladder recirculation system at 43 °C for 30 and 60 min.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A prospective open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial (HIVEC-1) accrued across 13 centres between 2014 and 2020 in Spain.

Hemoxygenase-1 Promotes Head and Neck Cancer Cell Viability.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a remarkably heterogeneous disease with around 50% mortality, a fact that has prompted researchers to try new approaches to improve patient survival. Hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) is the rate-limiting step for heme degradation into carbon monoxide, free iron and biliverdin. We have previously reported that HO-1 protein is upregulated in human HNSCC samples and that it is localized in the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments; additionally, we have demonstrated that HO-1 nuclear localization is associated with malignant progression.

Hyperoxaluria Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in Preglomerular Arteries: Involvement of Oxidative Stress.

Unlabelled: Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem and a risk factor for kidney injury. Oxidative stress-associated renal endothelial dysfunction secondary to urolithiasis could be a key pathogenic factor, similar to obesity and diabetes-related nephropathy. The aim of the present study was to characterize urolithiasis-related endothelial dysfunction in a hyperoxaluria rat model of renal lithiasis.

Host succinate inhibits influenza virus infection through succinylation and nuclear retention of the viral nucleoprotein.

Influenza virus infection causes considerable morbidity and mortality, but current therapies have limited efficacy. We hypothesized that investigating the metabolic signaling during infection may help to design innovative antiviral approaches. Using bronchoalveolar lavages of infected mice, we here demonstrate that influenza virus induces a major reprogramming of lung metabolism.

Osteohistology of the hyperelongate hemispinous processes of Amargasaurus cazaui (Dinosauria: Sauropoda): Implications for soft tissue reconstruction and functional significance.

Dicraeosaurid sauropods are iconically characterized by the presence of elongate hemispinous processes in presacral vertebrae. These hemispinous processes can show an extreme degree of elongation, such as in the Argentinean forms Amargasaurus cazaui, Pilmatueia faundezi and Bajadasaurus pronuspinax. These hyperelongated hemispinous processes have been variably interpreted as a support structure for a padded crest/sail as a display, a bison-like hump or as the internal osseous cores of cervical horns.

Risk Factors for Revision After Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantation in Male Patients With Stress Urinary Incontinence: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for revision after artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation in male patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods: A retrospective analysis from a prospectively maintained database was performed. Male patients, with moderate-tosevere SUI, undergoing AUS implantation were included.

Effect of ofatumumab on pregnancy, parturition, and lactation in cynomolgus monkeys.

Knowledge of the impacts of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody ofatumumab on the developing immune system is limited. This study examined the effects of intravenous ofatumumab on pregnancy, parturition, and lactation, and on pre- and postnatal survival and development in cynomolgus monkeys, an established model for developmental toxicity assessment. Pregnant cynomolgus monkeys (n = 42) were randomized to receive vehicle only (control group; n = 14), low-dose ofatumumab (n = 14), or high-dose ofatumumab (n = 14).

Metabolic and immunomodulatory control of type 1 diabetes via orally delivered bile-acid-polymer nanocarriers of insulin or rapamycin.

Oral formulations of insulin are typically designed to improve its intestinal absorption and increase its blood bioavailability. Here we show that polymerized ursodeoxycholic acid, selected from a panel of bile-acid polymers and formulated into nanoparticles for the oral delivery of insulin, restored blood-glucose levels in mice and pigs with established type 1 diabetes. The nanoparticles functioned as a protective insulin carrier and as a high-avidity bile-acid-receptor agonist, increased the intestinal absorption of insulin, polarized intestinal macrophages towards the M2 phenotype, and preferentially accumulated in the pancreas of the mice, binding to the islet-cell bile-acid membrane receptor TGR5 with high avidity and activating the secretion of glucagon-like peptide and of endogenous insulin.

Overcoming Obstacles in the Development of Antigen-Specific Immunotherapies for Type 1 Diabetes.

Antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASI) holds great promise for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Preclinical success for this approach has been demonstrated , however, clinical translation is still pending. Reasons explaining the slow progress to approve ASI are complex and span all stages of research and development, in both academic and industry environments.

Kidney Transplants in Controlled Donation Following Circulatory Death, or Maastricht Type III Donors, With Abdominal Normothermic Regional Perfusion, Optimizing Functional Outcomes.

Background: Warm ischemia time and ischemia-reperfusion damage result in higher rates of delayed graft function and primary nonfunction in kidney transplants (KTs) from controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD). This study aimed to assess early and late kidney function and patient and graft survival of KT from cDCD preserved with normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) and to compare with KT from brain death donors (DBDs) and cDCD preserved with rapid recovery (RR).

Methods: Patients who received a KT at our institution from 2012 to 2018 were included, with a minimum follow-up period of 1 y.

Secukinumab for the treatment of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis: Physical and pharmacological properties underlie the observed clinical efficacy and safety.

Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis are systemic inflammatory diseases, each commonly manifesting as a spectrum of symptoms, complications, and comorbidities that arise differently in individual patients. Drugs targeting inflammatory cytokines common to the pathogenesis of each of these conditions have been developed, although their specific actions in the different tissues involved are variable. For a drug to be effective, it must be efficiently delivered to and locally bioactive in disease-relevant tissues.

Urolithiasis Develops Endothelial Dysfunction as a Clinical Feature.

Unlabelled: An increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity has been reported in lithiasic patients. In this context, endothelial dysfunction (ED), an earlier status of atherogenesis, has been identified in hyperoxaluria rat models of urolithiasis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the endothelial vascular function in patients with urolithiasis in relation to systemic inflammatory, oxidative stress, and vascular function serum markers.

Split bone block technique: 4-month results of a randomised clinical trial comparing clinical and radiographic outcomes between autogenous and xenogeneic cortical plates.

Purpose: To evaluate short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of bone regeneration procedures using thin cortical porcine xenogeneic bone plates in combination with autogenous bone chips compared with thin autogenous cortical plates and autogenous bone chips.

Materials And Methods: A total of 19 patients (12 women and 7 men, mean age 58.24 ± 3.

Growth Hormone As Antiaging Factor in Old Bones.

Aging induces changes in bone. Growth hormone (GH) is reduced by aging, and age-related changes observed in old bones might be due to a decrease in the GH/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis. GH administration on aged individuals is controversial.

Mass Cytometry of CSF Identifies an MS-Associated B-cell Population.

Objective: To identify an MS-specific immune cell population by deep immune phenotyping and relate it to soluble signaling molecules in CSF.

Methods: We analyzed surface expression of 22 markers in paired blood/CSF samples from 39 patients using mass cytometry (cytometry by time of flight). We also measured the concentrations of 296 signaling molecules in CSF using proximity extension assay.

[Local and systhemic immunotherapy for bladder cáncer: from bench to bedside.].

Therapeutic approaches for treatment of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma based on immune system modulation, as well as the contribution of intravesica Bacillus de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and the recentin corporation of checkpoint inhibitors had found irrefutable proofs of concept for the indication of antitumoral immunontherapy in such tumors. Its extension and development at the present time covers all the locations of the wide spectrum of presentation and evolution of these tumors. Nowadays, apart for the low grade non muscle-invasive tumors, we are facingan unpredictable development of antitumoral immunotherapy in bladder cancer not only as an option in the primary treatment, but also in other scenarios such asnon-responders when it comes to BCG, or the situation of ineligibility for systemic chemotherapy indication.

Extinction of herbivorous dinosaurs linked to Early Jurassic global warming event.

Sauropods, the giant long-necked dinosaurs, became the dominant group of large herbivores in terrestrial ecosystems after multiple related lineages became extinct towards the end of the Early Jurassic (190-174 Ma). The causes and precise timing of this key faunal change, as well as the origin of eusauropods (true sauropods), have remained ambiguous mainly due to the scarce dinosaurian fossil record of this time. The terrestrial sedimentary successions of the Cañadón Asfalto Basin in central Patagonia (Argentina) document this critical interval of dinosaur evolution.

Activation of the AMP-related kinase (AMPK) induces renal vasodilatation and downregulates Nox-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor activated during energy stress to stimulate ATP production pathways and restore homeostasis. AMPK is widely expressed in the kidney and involved in mitochondrial protection and biogenesis upon acute renal ischemia, AMPK activity being blunted in metabolic disease-associated kidney disease. Since little is known about AMPK in the regulation of renal blood flow, the present study aimed to assess the role of AMPK in renal vascular function.

The Emerging Jamboree of Transformative Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases.

Standard treatments for autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders rely mainly on immunosuppression. These are predominantly symptomatic remedies that do not affect the root cause of the disease and are associated with multiple side effects. Immunotherapies are being developed during the last decades as more specific and safer alternatives to small molecules with broad immunosuppressive activity, but they still do not distinguish between disease-causing and protective cell targets and thus, they still have considerable risks of increasing susceptibility to infections and/or malignancy.