Associations of Antibiotics, Hormonal Therapies, Oral Contraceptives, and Long-Term NSAIDS With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study.

Background & Aims: Several medications have been suspected to contribute to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study assessed the association between medication use and the risk of developing IBD using the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology cohort.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 133,137 individuals between the ages of 20 and 80 from 24 countries.

Categorising Endoscopic Severity of Crohn's Disease Using the Modified Multiplier SES-CD [MM-SES-CD].

Background And Aims: Current endoscopic scoring indices such as the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease [SES-CD] quantify the degree of mucosal inflammation in Crohn's disease [CD] but lack prognostic potential. The Modified Multiplier of the SES-CD [MM-SES-CD] quantifies the endoscopic burden of CD and can be accessed online [https://www.mcmasteribd.

Regulation of human airway smooth muscle cell migration and relevance to asthma.

Airway remodelling is an important feature of asthma pathogenesis. A key structural change inherent in airway remodelling is increased airway smooth muscle mass. There is emerging evidence to suggest that the migration of airway smooth muscle cells may contribute to cellular hyperplasia, and thus increased airway smooth muscle mass.

Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Meta-Analysis.

We conducted a meta-analysis of studies to examine the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Additionally, we evaluated the risk factors of vertebral fractures in AS. Two authors independently searched Embase and Medline for studies that had assessed the risk of fractures in patients with AS.