The effects of vitamin D intake and status on symptom severity and quality-of-life in adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Importance: Many individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have insufficient or deficient serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status; however, it is not clear if improved vitamin D nutritional status through higher intake can improve symptom severity and quality of life.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify if changes in vitamin D intake or status affect symptom severity and quality of life in adults with IBS. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Global Health, EMBASE, and Web-of-Science databases were systematically searched for relevant articles to August 12, 2024, in the English language.

Associations between Intake of Dietary Sugars and Diet Quality: A Systematic Review of Recent Literature.

Understanding the relationship between the intake of sugars and diet quality can inform public health recommendations. This systematic review synthesized recent literature on associations between sugar intake and diet quality in generally healthy populations aged 2 years or older. We searched databases from 2010 to 2022 for studies of any design examining associations between quantified sugar intake in the daily diet and dietary indexes (DIs) or micronutrient intakes.

Piloting a brief assessment to capture consumption of whole plant food and water: version 1.0 of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine Diet Screener (ACLM Diet Screener).

Background: Despite the availability of various dietary assessment tools, there is a need for a tool aligned with the needs of lifestyle medicine (LM) physicians. Such a tool would be brief, aimed at use in a clinical setting, and focused on a "food as medicine" approach consistent with recommendations for a diet based predominately on whole plant foods. The objective of this study is to describe the development and initial pilot testing of a brief, dietary screener to assess the proportion of whole, unrefined plant foods and water relative to total food and beverage intake.

Defining "low-carb" in the scientific literature: A scoping review of clinical studies.

There remains a lack of scientific consensus on what level of carbohydrate intake constitutes low-carbohydrate diets. We conducted a scoping review to understand how low-carbohydrate diets were defined in the peer-reviewed literature. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement scoping review extension.

The Relationship of Circulating Choline and Choline-Related Metabolite Levels with Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Genome-Wide Association Studies and Mendelian Randomization Studies.

Choline is essential for proper liver, muscle, brain, lipid metabolism, cellular membrane composition, and repair. Understanding genetic determinants of circulating choline metabolites can help identify new determinants of choline metabolism, requirements, and their link to disease endpoints. We conducted a scoping review to identify studies assessing the association of genetic polymorphisms on circulating choline and choline-related metabolite concentrations and subsequent associations with health outcomes.

AI-based digital image dietary assessment methods compared to humans and ground truth: a systematic review.

Objective: Human error estimating food intake is a major source of bias in nutrition research. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods may reduce bias, but the overall accuracy of AI estimates is unknown. This study was a systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles comparing fully automated AI-based (e.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Estimate a Reference Range for Circulating Ionized Magnesium Concentrations in Adult Populations.

Background: There is a lack of consensus on a reference range for ionized magnesium (iMg) in blood as a measure of the status of circulating iMg for the screening of populations.

Objectives: We estimated the reference range of iMg levels for healthy adult populations and the ranges for populations with cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease. We also estimated 95% ranges for circulating magnesium (Mg) in healthy and those with cardiometabolic diseases.

Commonalities among Dietary Recommendations from 2010 to 2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Meta-Epidemiological Study from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine.

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide recommendations to clinicians based on current medical knowledge to guide and reduce variability in clinical care. With advances in nutrition science research, CPGs increasingly include dietary guidance; however, the degree of consistency in dietary recommendations across CPGs has not been investigated. Using a systematic review approach adapted for meta-epidemiologic research, this study compared dietary guidance from current guidelines developed by governments, major medical professional societies, and large health stakeholder associations owing to their often well-defined and standardized processes for guideline development.

Vitamin D intakes and health outcomes in infants and preschool children: Summary of an evidence report.

Background: A systematic review was commissioned to support an international expert group charged to update the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organisation (WHO)'s vitamin D intake recommendations for children aged 0-4 years.

Materials And Methods: Multiple electronic databases were searched to capture studies published from database inception to the 2 week of June 2020 according to key questions formulated by the FAO/WHO. Relevant studies were summarised and synthesised by key questions and by health outcomes using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Calcium Intake and Metabolism in Infants and Young Children: A Systematic Review of Balance Studies for Supporting the Development of Calcium Requirements.

Determining calcium requirements for infants and children is vital due to high calcium needs for growth. Balance studies enable comprehensive measurement of calcium metabolism and can support nutrient requirement development. This systematic review summarizes evidence from mass balance and isotopic studies in children aged 0-4 y to address key questions on calcium loss and absorption/retention identified by an expert group developing calcium requirements.

Effects of 100% Orange Juice on Markers of Inflammation and Oxidation in Healthy and At-Risk Adult Populations: A Scoping Review, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis.

One hundred percent orange juice (OJ) has no added sugar, naturally contains flavonoids and ascorbic acid, and can modulate the body's oxidative and inflammatory systems. This scoping review, systematic review, and meta-analysis investigated associations between 100% OJ and markers of inflammation or oxidation in healthy adults and those at risk for chronic diseases. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and scoping review extension.

Effectiveness of multimodal nutrition interventions during pregnancy to achieve 2009 Institute of Medicine gestational weight gain guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In 2009, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a revision to its 1990 recommendations on gestational weight gain (GWG). The objective of this review is to update a previous systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition interventions in achieving recommended GWG.

Methods: We conducted updated literature searches in MEDLINE (2012 through 2019), Web of Science (2012 to 6 February 2017), Embase (2016 through 2019), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2012 through 2019).

Safety of Using Enteral Nutrition Formulations Containing Dietary Fiber in Hospitalized Critical Care Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred route of nutrition support for patients with critical illness undergoing intensive care. Experts in the field caution against using fiber during EN because of perceived adverse patient outcomes; however, a comprehensive assessment of this topic is not evident to date. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched four databases from inception to April 20, 2020, for studies on adverse events or health outcomes associated with using EN formulations containing fiber in hospitalized adults with critical illness.

Lifestyle Medicine Shared Medical Appointments.

Chronic diseases pose many challenges to health care providers and the health care system from a human capital, logistic, and financial perspective. To overcome these challenges, efficient and effective health care delivery models that address multiple chronic conditions need to be leveraged. Shared medical appointments are one potential solution to address these issues.

Evaluating abusive head trauma in children <5 years old: Risk factors and the importance of the social history.

Background: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the leading cause traumatic death in children ≤5 years of age. AHT remains seriously under-surveilled, increasing the risk of subsequent injury and death. This study assesses the clinical and social risks associated with fatal and non-fatal AHT.

Short-Term Tea Consumption Is Not Associated with a Reduction in Blood Lipids or Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: A recent systematic review of epidemiological evidence suggests that higher amounts of tea intake are associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality.

Objectives: Our study objective was to assess mechanisms by which tea consumption may influence CVD risks.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of green and/or black tea consumption (≥4 wk) on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) in healthy populations and among at-risk adults (analyzed separately) with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.

Intimate Partner Violence, Clinical Indications, and Other Family Risk Factors Associated With Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma.

Over half of fatal pediatric traumatic brain injuries are estimated to be the result of physical abuse, i.e., abusive head trauma (AHT).

Vitamin D and Calcium in Children 0-36 Months: A Scoping Review of Health Outcomes.

Methods: Updated literature searches were conducted across 5 electronic databases to identify all randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, nested case-control or case-cohort studies, and systematic reviews published after the 2009 U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's (AHRQ) evidence report, .

Inflicted versus unintentional injury: towards improved detection and surveillance of supervisory neglect.

Background: Many children evaluated for child abuse have non-inflicted injuries due to supervisory neglect. Despite its prevalence, supervisory neglect has received minimal attention.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients maintained in a hospital forensic registry.