Cluster analysis of mRNA expression levels identifies multiple sequential patterns following focal cerebral ischemia.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to detect gene expression patterns following focal cerebral ischemia.

Material And Methods: 25 male Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 8) and ischemic (n = 17) groups. In the ischemic group, slowly progressing focal ischemia was simulated by two-vein occlusion with spreading depression (SD) a cortical microinjection of KCl induced.

Differential block of sensory neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels by lacosamide [(2R)-2-(acetylamino)-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropanamide], lidocaine, and carbamazepine.

Voltage-gated sodium channels play a critical role in excitability of nociceptors (pain-sensing neurons). Several different sodium channels are thought to be potential targets for pain therapeutics, including Na(v)1.7, which is highly expressed in nociceptors and plays crucial roles in human pain and hereditary painful neuropathies, Na(v)1.

The investigational anticonvulsant lacosamide selectively enhances slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels.

We hypothesized that lacosamide modulates voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) at clinical concentrations (32-100 muM). Lacosamide reduced spiking evoked in cultured rat cortical neurons by 30-s depolarizing ramps but not by 1-s ramps. Carbamazepine and phenytoin reduced spike-firing induced by both ramps.

Lacosamide: a review of preclinical properties.

Lacosamide (LCM), (SPM 927, (R)-2-acetamido-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropionamide, previously referred to as harkoseride or ADD 234037) is a member of a series of functionalized amino acids that were specifically synthesized as anticonvulsive drug candidates. LCM has demonstrated antiepileptic effectiveness in different rodent seizure models and antinociceptive potential in experimental animal models that reflect distinct types and symptoms of neuropathic as well as chronic inflammatory pain. Recent results suggest that LCM has a dual mode of action underlying its anticonvulsant and analgesic activity.