Automated Hematological Approach and Protein Electrophoretic Pattern in Tilapia (): An Innovative and Experimental Model for Aquaculture.

This study aimed to assess the usefulness of two innovative automated methods (automated blood count counters and flow cytometry) for hematological investigation in Tilapia to make a contribution to the clinical diagnostics of this farmed species. Moreover, serum total proteins and their electrophoretic fractions (prealbumin, albumin, α-, β-, and γ-fraction), as health condition indicators, were assessed. The analysis of serum total proteins and electrophoretic fraction showed a normal and typical electrophoretic pattern of healthy fish (serum total proteins, 3.

Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide-Cerium Oxide Nanocomposites to Zebrafish Embryos: A Preliminary Evaluation.

The widespread use of metal nanoparticles in different fields has raised many doubts regarding their possible toxicity to living organisms and the accumulation and discharge of metals in fish species. Among these nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (TiO) and cerium oxide (CeO) nanoparticles have mainly been employed in photocatalysis and water depuration. The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential toxic effects, after a co-exposure of TiO-3%CeO nanoparticles, on zebrafish development, using an acute toxicity test.

Helminths of the Bluntnose Sixgill Shark, (Bonnaterre, 1788), from the Strait of Messina (Sicily, Southern Italy).

Bluntnose sixgill shark, (Bonnaterre, 1788), is a little-known elasmobranch in the Mediterranean Sea. Given the lack of information about , the aim of our study was to describe the helminth fauna of this species. In March 2023, one juvenile female specimen was found off the coast of Messina (Italy) and referred by the Italian Coast Guard to our laboratory for necropsy and parasitological evaluation.

Toxic Effects of Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel Combination: Chemotherapy Drugs Exposure in Zebrafish.

Pharmaceuticals are widely recognized as potentially hazardous to aquatic ecosystems. In the last two decades, the constant intake of biologically active chemicals used in human healthcare has been related to the growing release of these agents into natural environments. As reported by several studies, various pharmaceuticals have been detected, mainly in surface water (seas, lakes, and rivers), but also in groundwater and drinking water.

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Effects on Development and Male Reproductive System.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) are used intensively. Thanks to their extremely small size (1-100 nm), TiO-NPs are more absorbable by living organisms; consequently, they can cross the circulatory system and then be distributed in various organs including the reproductive organs. We have evaluated the possible toxic effect of TiO-NPs on embryonic development and the male reproductive system using as an organism model.

Effects of carnosine on the embryonic development and TiO nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress on Zebrafish.

Oxidative stress is due to an unbalance between pro-oxidants, such as reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, and antioxidants/antioxidant system. Under physiological conditions these species are involved in different cellular processes such as cellular homeostasis and immune response, while an excessive production of ROS/RNS has been linked to the development of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. In this context, the naturally occurring dipeptide carnosine has shown the ability to scavenge ROS, counteract lipid peroxidation, and inhibit proteins oxidation.

Epigenetics in Canine Mammary Tumors: Upregulation of miR-18a and miR-18b Oncogenes Is Associated with Decreased Target mRNA Expression and ERα Immunoexpression in Highly Proliferating Carcinomas.

The expression of miRNAs is one of the main epigenetic mechanisms responsible for the regulation of gene expression in mammals, and in cancer, miRNAs participate by regulating the expression of protein-coding cancer-associated genes. In canine mammary tumors (CMTs), the gene encodes for ERα, and represents a major target gene for miR-18a and miR-18b, previously found to be overexpressed in mammary carcinomas. A loss in ERα expression in CMTs is commonly associated with poor prognosis, and it is noteworthy that the downregulation of the would appear to be more epigenetic than genetic in nature.

Morphological and Molecular Identification of Mullet Helminth Parasite Fauna from Ganzirri Lagoon (Sicily, Southern Italy).

Mullets (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) are a euryhaline species widely distributed all over the world, thus representing an excellent study model for host-parasite interactions. From March to June 2022, 150 mullets, belonging to ( = 99), ( = 37), and ( = 14) species, were caught to identify the helminth parasite fauna of the different mullet species present in the Ganzirri Lagoon (Messina, Sicily, Italy). A parasitological evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was carried out with a total worm count technique (TWC) to detect helminth presence.

Early Exposure to Environmental Pollutants: Imidacloprid Potentiates Cadmium Toxicity on Zebrafish Retinal Cells Death.

In the present study, we analyzed the combination of non-toxic concentrations per se, of Cd and a pesticide the imidacloprid (IMI) (10 and 50 μM for Cd and 195 μM for IMI), to highlight early developmental toxicity and possible damage to retinal cells. Co-exposure to Cd and IMI showed a toxic effect in zebrafish larval development, with lowered degrees of survival and hatching, and in some cases the induction of structural alterations and edema. In addition, co-exposure to 50 and 195 μM, respectively, for Cd and IMI, also showed increased apoptosis in eye cells, accompanied by up regulation of genes associated with antioxidant markers (cat, sod1, nrf2 and ho-1).

Impact of Mycotoxin Contaminations on Aquatic Organisms: Toxic Effect of Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 Mixture.

(1) Background: Multiple contaminations of several mycotoxins have been detected in human and veterinary food and feed worldwide. To date, a number of studies on the combined effects of mycotoxins have been conducted on cell and animal models, but very limited studies have been done on aquatic organisms. (2) The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the combined toxic effects of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Fumonisin B1 (FB1) on zebrafish () embryos.

Environmental Toxicity Assessment of Sodium Fluoride and Platinum-Derived Drugs Co-Exposure on Aquatic Organisms.

Pharmaceuticals are widely acknowledged to be a threat to aquatic life. Over the last two decades, the steady use of biologically active chemicals for human health has been mirrored by a rise in the leaking of these chemicals into natural environments. The aim of this work was to detect the toxicity of sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure and platinum-derived drugs in an ecological setting on aquatic organism development.

Combined Effects of Potassium Perchlorate and a Neonicotinoid on Zebrafish Larvae ().

Imidacloprid (IMI) is part of the neonicotinoids family, insecticides widely used by humans and also found in wastewater. This class of compounds, if present in the environment, can cause toxicity to different species such as bees and gammarids, although little is known about vertebrates such as fish. In addition, several substances have been reported in the environment that can cause damage to aquatic species, such as potassium perchlorate (KClO), if exposed to high concentrations or for long periods.

Postmortem Electrical Conductivity Changes of Skeletal Muscle: Root Mean Square (RMS) Parameter in Estimating Time since Death.

Electric impedance spectroscopy techniques have been widely employed to study basic biological processes, and recently explored to estimate postmortem interval (PMI). However, the most-relevant parameter to approximate PMI has not been recognized so far. This study investigated electrical conductivity changes in muscle of 18 sea bass specimens, maintained at different room temperatures (15.

Chemical Characterization, Antibacterial Activity, and Embryo Acute Toxicity of L. Genotype from Sicily (Italy).

This study reports a full characterization of the Sicilian sumac, L. This fruit represents a potential source of fiber (33.21 ± 1.

Environmental Risk Assessment of Oxaliplatin Exposure on Early Life Stages of Zebrafish ().

Pharmaceuticals are actually identified as a threat to the ecosystem. Nowadays, the growing consumption of antineoplastic agents has been related to their continuous input in natural environments. These substances can interfere with physiological and biochemical processes of aquatic species over their entire life cycle.

Combined Toxicity of Xenobiotics Bisphenol A and Heavy Metals on Zebrafish Embryos ().

Environmental pollutants may cause adverse effects on the immune system of aquatic organisms. This study revealed that combination of environmental pollutants and Bisphenol A(BPA) could cause an acute inflammatory response in zebrafish larvae as shown by body alterations, which may imply a common immunotoxicity mechanism for most environmental pollutants. In the present study we evaluated the toxicity after co-exposure of BPA and Cd or Cr (III) in zebrafish embryos and larvae, and the oxidative stress pathway involved.

Embryotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics in zebrafish Daniorerio.

In the recent years, increasing scientific and societal concern has been raised over the presence and accumulation of plastic debris in the environment and the effects of microplastics (MPs) that can easily interact with biota. In order to elucidate the impact of MPs at the critical development stages of freshwater fish species, a fish embryo toxicity test was herein performed on the zebrafish Danio rerio, exposed to 10 μm polystyrene MPs at 200 particles/mL for 120 hpf. After exposure, accumulation of MPs in larvae was measured, survival, hatching and larvae development were monitored and the oxidant/anti-oxidant responses and cellular detoxification evaluated.

Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity in Zebrafish Larva (): Protective Role of .

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a secondary metabolite produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, has been found among various foods as well as in fish feed. However, the effects of AFB1 on fish development and its associated toxic mechanism are still unclear. In the present study, we confirmed the morphological alterations in zebrafish embryos and larvae after exposure to different AFB1 doses as well as the oxidative stress pathway that is involved.

Anti-Atherogenic Effect of 10% Supplementation of Anchovy () Waste Protein Hydrolysates in ApoE-Deficient Mice.

Fish protein consumption exerts beneficial metabolic effects on human health, also correlating with a decreased risk for cardiovascular disease. Fish waste contains high amount of proteins and utilization may offer the opportunity for generating compounds advantageous for human health. Especially, fish waste protein hydrolysates beneficially influence pathways involved in body composition, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, making their potential supplementation in human disorders of increased interest.

Administration of Protein Hydrolysates from Anchovy () Waste for Twelve Weeks Decreases Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Severity in ApoEMice.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) includes several diseases, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Fish-rich diets are considered helpful in the prevention of MAFLD, and the enzymatic hydrolysis of fish waste has been explored as a means of obtaining high-value protein hydrolysates, which have been proven to exert beneficial bioactivities including anti-obesity and hypocholesterol effects. This study aimed to assess the effect of the administration of protein hydrolysates from anchovy waste (APH) for 12 weeks on attenuated high-fat diet-induced MAFLD in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice (ApoE).

Evidence of (Nishigori, 1924) in Zebrafish ().

This study reports the presence of cartilaginous cysts in zebrafish gills, purchased at the end of 2012 before the application of the Italian Legislative Decree 26/2014 and used for experimental research. It highlights the importance of using specific pathogen-free organisms from reliable production establishments to avoid obtaining false results in experiments. Of 20 samples analyzed, 4 showed cysts in gills, with abnormal tissue modification and cartilaginous metaplasia induced by prolonged parasitic insult.

Accumulation of PCBs, PAHs, plasticizers and inorganic elements in from the strait of Messina (Central Mediterranean sea).

This study investigates the inorganic elements and the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) accumulated in liver of a sexually mature living in the Mediterranean Sea. The casual finding of a specimen in the Strait of Messina (April 2018) allowed us to carefully analyse its liver which can be considered a very important biological indicator. The determination of inorganic elements was carried out by ICP-MS technique.

Toxicity Evaluation of Graphene Oxide and Titania Loaded Nafion Membranes in Zebrafish.

The use of nanomaterials in several application fields has received in the last decades a great attention due to their peculiar properties, but also raised many doubts about possible toxicity when these materials are used for some specific applications, such as water purification. Indeed a careful investigation is needed in order to exclude possible harmful side effects related to the use of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles effects on the marine organisms may depend on their chemical composition, size, surface structure, solubility, shape and how the individual nanoparticles aggregate together.